MCB6424 Probiotics Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions

Bulgarian yogurt contained which species? correct answer: lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus Tissier - 1899 correct answer: identified bifidobacteria and promoted therapeutic use for treating infant diarrhea. Metchnikoff - 1907 correct answer: Proposed that the acid producing bacteria in fermented milk products could prevent "fouling" in the large intestine and lead to a longer life. He suggested that the bacteria (lactobacillus and strep) in yogurt suppress the bad fermentation in intestinal flora and consumption of yogurt plays a role in maintaining health. 1930s - Minoru Shirota correct answer: developed a fermented milk product called Yakult 1935 - started marketing yakult as a probiotic yogurt-like product made by fermenting a mixture of skimmed milk with a strain of Lactobacillus casei shirota. 1965 - Lilly and Stillwell correct answer: probiotics term coined - "substances secreted by one microorganism that stimulate the growth of another" Current Definition of Probiotics: correct answer: "Live microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host" Who coined the current definition of probiotics? correct answer: Defined in 2002 by Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and WHO Guidelines for a product to be called "probiotic" correct answer: published by FAO/WHO in 2002 strained be designed individually speciated appropriately - good molecular tools to identify what is present in that product - different strains of a species of Lactobacillus casei will not all have the same effect on the host retain a viable count at the end of their shelf life in the designated product formulation that confers a proven clinical end-point True/False The probiotic definition requires that the efficacy and safety of probiotics be verified correct answer: True assessment of this constitutes an important part of their characterization for human use - if they make a claim that something will reduce a headache, they MUST have clinical trials that back up that claim (and not cause other side effects) Strains must go through rigorous clinical trials - it takes years. What are the phases of testing? correct answer: phase 1 - animal testing phase 2 - double blind human trials Then it's a probiotic food (labeling, etc.) phase 3 - effectiveness - only necessary if you're trying to use for disease prevention Most common genera of probiotic organisms correct answer: Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium