Probiotics MCB6424 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions

Immunity correct answer: The general ability of a host to resist a particular disease/infection Immunology correct answer: The science concerned with immune responses Nonspecific immune response correct answer: Innate; the first line of defense that offers resistance to any foreign material; has no memory Specific immune response correct answer: Acquired/adaptive; offers resistance to a specific antigen; has a memory that will cause second exposure to be dealt with more quickly/effectively Antigen correct answer: A foreign substance that evokes an immune response; an ANTIbody GENerator Hematopoiesis correct answer: The development of WBCs in the bone marrow; all WBCs that mature in the bone marrow join the innate immune system while all WBCs that mature outside of the bone marrow join the adaptive immune system Erythrocytes correct answer: The most abundant cell found in the blood Neutrophils correct answer: The most abundant WBC (60%); highly phagocytic (use granules of lytic enzymes to kill ingested pathogens) Lymphocytes correct answer: 30% of WBCs; differentiate into T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells Monocytes correct answer: 6% of WBCs; phagocytic; after 8 hours of circulation, mature into macrophages upon arrival to specific tissues Eosinophils correct answer: 3% of WBCs; are important in fighting parasitic infections Basophils correct answer: 1% of WBCs; are important in inflammation Dendritic cells correct answer: Present in small numbers as "guards" of the immune system all over the body; phagocytic; APCs B-cells correct answer: Mature in the bone marrow; differentiate into plasma cells (which produce antibodies) or memory cells upon activation by an antigen T-cells correct answer: Mature in the thymus; differentiate into helper T-cells, CTLs, or memory cells upon activation by an antigen; produce cytokines Natural killer cells correct answer: Non-phagocytic granular lymphocytes; kill any cell that does not have a normal MHC-I receptor; can bind to antibodies and lyse pathogens via ADCC Thymus and bone marrow correct answer: Primary lymphoid organs; places where lymphocytes mature and differentiate Lymph nodes and spleen correct answer: Secondary lymphoid organs; places where lymphocytes may encounter/bind to antigens Non-opsonic (opsonin-independent) correct answer: The type of phagocytosis in which phagocytes bind to various parts of a pathogen (PAMPs, RGD, lectin from flagella) Opsonic (opsonin-dependent) correct answer: The type of phagocytosis in which phagocytes directly bind to opsonin