BCBA Exam Prep 4th Edition Task
list Full Set of Terms.
John Watson Answer - Methodological Behaviourism
(S-R Behaviourism, S-R Psychology)
1913-First person to describe behaviourism as formal system.
Methodological Behaviourism only looks at publicly observed events.
Not concerned with private events.
Study Bx by direct observation of relationship between environemtal stimulus (S) and responses (R) they evoke
1920- Little Albert Experiment
Ivan Pavlov Answer - Classical Conditioning
Respondent conditioning with dogs
Habituation Answer - When eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time the strength of the
respondent Bx diminishes
Respondent Conditioning
AKA: Classical Conditioning, Pavlovian Conditioning
S-S pairing; Conditioned Stimulus-Conditioned Response
(CS-CR) Answer - Ivan Pavlov
When new stimuli acquire ability to elicit responses
US------>UR US----------->UR
(food) (salivate) (food) (salivate)
,NS + US------------>UR
(tone) (food) (salivate)
NS--------> CS ------------>CR
(tone) (no salivate) (tone) (salivate)
Operant Behaviour
AKA: S-R-S model, 3-term contingency Answer - EMIT/EVOKE
Probability of occurrence determined by history of consequences
Voluntary Action
Operants defined in terms of relationship to controlling variables (function)
Operant NOT defined by topography
FUNCTION IS WHAT MATTERS
includes R+ and punishment
Adaptation Answer - Reductions in the responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or
prolonged presentations
Ontogenic Answer - Learning that results from an organism's interaction with his environment
OPERANT BX-> ontogenic history
Operant Conditioning
AKA: Behavioural Contingency, 3-term contingency, ABC Answer - Response (SD), the response, and outcome
of the response
The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the BX
R+ or punisher said to be 'contingent' on a Bx, the Bx must be emitted for consequence to occur
Phylogeny Answer - Behaviour inherited genetically
,Respondent behaviour due to phylogenic history
Mentalism
AKA: Spiritual/psychic/subjective feelings/attitudes Answer - Approach to explaining behaviour that assumes
inner dimension exists and causes Bx
Traditional psychology dominated by this
Applied Behavior Analysis Answer - A scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably
influence socially significant behaviour and for developing a technology of behaviour change that is practical
and applicable
Evidence based APPLIED science
Science Answer - A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world
Based on Determinism
Purpose: to achieve a thorough understanding of phenomena under study
ABA-> socially important behaviours
B.F Skinner Answer - 1938- Radical Behaviourism
Radical because it includes private events into understanding behaviour
Darwinian Selectionism
AKA: Selection by consequences Answer - Discuss 3-term contingency with regards to species and survival
Belief that all forms of life, from single cells to complex cultures evolve selection with respect to function
Operant selection by consequences requires variation in BX
Best outcomes selected and survive.
Pragmatism Answer - A probabilistic AB because of C philosophy
At the level of behaviour, the relation between the setting (A)
, and the behaviour (B) is because of consequences (C)
Focuses on answering question:
" How do things come to be as they are?"
Charles S Pierce & William James
Meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences rather than theory of dogma
Respondent Behaviour
AKA: reflex, reflexive relations, unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response (US-UR) Answer - ELICITED or
"brought out" by antecedent stimuli
Involuntary
Behaviour one does not learn
Reflex Answer - The eliciting stimulus (unconditioned stimulus (US) and behaviour it produces (unconditioned
response or UR) that is part of the organism's genetic endowment
3 Principles of Behaviour Answer - Punishment
Extinction
Reinforcement
Respondent-Operant Interactions Answer - An experience can often include both respondent and operant
conditioning together at the same time
example: warming up food in a microwave
Contiguity
AKA: Temporal Contiguity Answer - When 2 stimuli occur close in time, resulting in association of those 2
stimuli
Respondent conditioning: temporal contiguity (how close in time) affects pairing of the CS & US
Operant conditioning: affects the pairing of the behaviour and consequence
list Full Set of Terms.
John Watson Answer - Methodological Behaviourism
(S-R Behaviourism, S-R Psychology)
1913-First person to describe behaviourism as formal system.
Methodological Behaviourism only looks at publicly observed events.
Not concerned with private events.
Study Bx by direct observation of relationship between environemtal stimulus (S) and responses (R) they evoke
1920- Little Albert Experiment
Ivan Pavlov Answer - Classical Conditioning
Respondent conditioning with dogs
Habituation Answer - When eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time the strength of the
respondent Bx diminishes
Respondent Conditioning
AKA: Classical Conditioning, Pavlovian Conditioning
S-S pairing; Conditioned Stimulus-Conditioned Response
(CS-CR) Answer - Ivan Pavlov
When new stimuli acquire ability to elicit responses
US------>UR US----------->UR
(food) (salivate) (food) (salivate)
,NS + US------------>UR
(tone) (food) (salivate)
NS--------> CS ------------>CR
(tone) (no salivate) (tone) (salivate)
Operant Behaviour
AKA: S-R-S model, 3-term contingency Answer - EMIT/EVOKE
Probability of occurrence determined by history of consequences
Voluntary Action
Operants defined in terms of relationship to controlling variables (function)
Operant NOT defined by topography
FUNCTION IS WHAT MATTERS
includes R+ and punishment
Adaptation Answer - Reductions in the responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or
prolonged presentations
Ontogenic Answer - Learning that results from an organism's interaction with his environment
OPERANT BX-> ontogenic history
Operant Conditioning
AKA: Behavioural Contingency, 3-term contingency, ABC Answer - Response (SD), the response, and outcome
of the response
The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of the BX
R+ or punisher said to be 'contingent' on a Bx, the Bx must be emitted for consequence to occur
Phylogeny Answer - Behaviour inherited genetically
,Respondent behaviour due to phylogenic history
Mentalism
AKA: Spiritual/psychic/subjective feelings/attitudes Answer - Approach to explaining behaviour that assumes
inner dimension exists and causes Bx
Traditional psychology dominated by this
Applied Behavior Analysis Answer - A scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably
influence socially significant behaviour and for developing a technology of behaviour change that is practical
and applicable
Evidence based APPLIED science
Science Answer - A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world
Based on Determinism
Purpose: to achieve a thorough understanding of phenomena under study
ABA-> socially important behaviours
B.F Skinner Answer - 1938- Radical Behaviourism
Radical because it includes private events into understanding behaviour
Darwinian Selectionism
AKA: Selection by consequences Answer - Discuss 3-term contingency with regards to species and survival
Belief that all forms of life, from single cells to complex cultures evolve selection with respect to function
Operant selection by consequences requires variation in BX
Best outcomes selected and survive.
Pragmatism Answer - A probabilistic AB because of C philosophy
At the level of behaviour, the relation between the setting (A)
, and the behaviour (B) is because of consequences (C)
Focuses on answering question:
" How do things come to be as they are?"
Charles S Pierce & William James
Meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences rather than theory of dogma
Respondent Behaviour
AKA: reflex, reflexive relations, unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response (US-UR) Answer - ELICITED or
"brought out" by antecedent stimuli
Involuntary
Behaviour one does not learn
Reflex Answer - The eliciting stimulus (unconditioned stimulus (US) and behaviour it produces (unconditioned
response or UR) that is part of the organism's genetic endowment
3 Principles of Behaviour Answer - Punishment
Extinction
Reinforcement
Respondent-Operant Interactions Answer - An experience can often include both respondent and operant
conditioning together at the same time
example: warming up food in a microwave
Contiguity
AKA: Temporal Contiguity Answer - When 2 stimuli occur close in time, resulting in association of those 2
stimuli
Respondent conditioning: temporal contiguity (how close in time) affects pairing of the CS & US
Operant conditioning: affects the pairing of the behaviour and consequence
