SPCE 611- Exam 1 (Mod 1-2) Fall 2023 with complete
solution
ABA
scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence
socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of behavior change that
takes practical advantage of those discoveries
** socially important behaviors
What are the three types of investigations in science?
1. description
2. prediction
3. control
Description
collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified, classified, and
examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
Prediction
relative probability that when one event occurs, another event will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
Control
highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
Functional Relation
specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of
another event (IV)
What are the six scientific attitudes?
1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
6. philosophic doubt
Determinism
presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena
occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
Empiricism
practice of objective observation of phenomena of interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
Experimentation
basic strategy in most sciences
Experiment
, carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (DV)
under two or more different conditions where only one factor at a time (IV) differs
Replication
the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
Parsimony
the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out, experimentally or
conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
Philosophic Doubt
the continual questioning of the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and
knowledge
- involves the use of scientific evidence before implementing a new practice
- constantly evaluates effectiveness of the practice after implementation
Science
a systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena as evidenced by
description, prediction, and control
- relies on:
determinism: fundamental assumption
empiricism: prime directive
experimentation: basic strategy
replication: requirement for believability
parsimony: conservative value
philosophic doubt: guiding conscience
What are the three branches of behavior analysis?
1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
What are the four domains of behavior analytic science?
1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
4. professional practice
Behaviorism
philosophy of the science of behavior
- theoretical and conceptual issues
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)
basic research
- Skinner
- experiments in lab settings with human and nonhuman subjects
- goal of discovering and clarifying fundamental principles of behavior
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
development of technology for improving behavior
- applied research
- discovering functional relations between socially significant behaviors and controlling
solution
ABA
scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence
socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of behavior change that
takes practical advantage of those discoveries
** socially important behaviors
What are the three types of investigations in science?
1. description
2. prediction
3. control
Description
collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified, classified, and
examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
Prediction
relative probability that when one event occurs, another event will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
Control
highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
Functional Relation
specific change in one event (DV) can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of
another event (IV)
What are the six scientific attitudes?
1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
6. philosophic doubt
Determinism
presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena
occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
Empiricism
practice of objective observation of phenomena of interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
Experimentation
basic strategy in most sciences
Experiment
, carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (DV)
under two or more different conditions where only one factor at a time (IV) differs
Replication
the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
Parsimony
the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out, experimentally or
conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
Philosophic Doubt
the continual questioning of the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and
knowledge
- involves the use of scientific evidence before implementing a new practice
- constantly evaluates effectiveness of the practice after implementation
Science
a systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena as evidenced by
description, prediction, and control
- relies on:
determinism: fundamental assumption
empiricism: prime directive
experimentation: basic strategy
replication: requirement for believability
parsimony: conservative value
philosophic doubt: guiding conscience
What are the three branches of behavior analysis?
1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
What are the four domains of behavior analytic science?
1. behaviorism
2. experimental analysis of behavior (EAB)
3. applied behavior analysis (ABA)
4. professional practice
Behaviorism
philosophy of the science of behavior
- theoretical and conceptual issues
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)
basic research
- Skinner
- experiments in lab settings with human and nonhuman subjects
- goal of discovering and clarifying fundamental principles of behavior
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
development of technology for improving behavior
- applied research
- discovering functional relations between socially significant behaviors and controlling
