SPCE 609 - Final Exam 2023 All Possible Questions and
Answers Complete
Functional analysis involves classifying behavior according to ____________,
and analyzing the environment in terms of _________.
Response functions; stimulus functions
In terms of the reversal design and behavioral experiments:
The design is used in single-subject experiments
The B-phase is the experimental manipulation
The A-phase is called the baseline
***All of these (CORRECT)
When stimuli vary physically but have a common effect on behavior, they are part
of the same ___________.
Stimulus class
The behavior of an organism:
Is everything an organism does, including thinking and feeling
Analysis of behavior becomes experimental when it involves:
The manipulation of a condition to see how behavior is affected
Negative reinforcers:
Increase behavior when removed
Skinner's model of selection by consequences assumes that behavior:
Naturally varies in form and frequency
The variable manipulated by the experimenter is the ______________ and the
measured effect is the ______________.
Independent; dependent
The idea that successful behaviors will increase in likelihood while unsuccessful
behaviors will decrease in likelihood was first described in:
Thorndike's law of effect
The term _____________refers to behavior that is elicited and the term
____________ refers to behavior that is emitted
Respondent; operant
Any stimulus (or event) that follows a response and increases its frequency is
said to have:
A reinforcement function
In functional analysis, positive and negative reinforcers are examples of
Stimulus classes
A researcher examined the possibility that additional recess time would increase
the number of math facts learned over a one-month period. The procedure tested
this hypothesis using a first-grade classroom with extended recess time a
second-grade classroom with regular recess time. In this study, the amount of
recess time would be considered:
The independent variable
A(n) ____________ refers to all of the forms of a behavior that have a similar
function.
Response class
, Which of the following is not an example of operant conditioning:
Flinching slightly when the nurse tells you that they are about to give you a shot
If food is presented every time a pigeon pecks a key, then the behavior is on a
__________ schedule of reinforcement.
Continuous
The Premack principle states that a higher-frequency behavior will:
Function as reinforcement for a lower-frequency behavior
A rat receives a pellet for the first response after 5 minutes regardless of how
often they press the lever. This is an example of a(n) __________ schedule.
Interval
Skinner proposed that the basic datum (measure) for operant analysis should be:
Rate
Principles of behavior like extinction, discrimination, and spontaneous recovery:
Generalize across species
Increasing the number of responses required in a ratio schedule of reinforcement
too quickly often results in a stereotyped pattern of behavior that includes
emotional responding and a failure to perform the required behavior. This pattern
of behavior is referred to as:
Ratio strain
In order to treat her son's frequent tantrums while out shopping, Ruby put his
tantrum behavior on extinction by refusing to buy any treats when he tantrums in
the store. This works and her son does not tantrum any more while shopping.
Then, suddenly, the tantrum behavior reappears one day while they are out
shopping. This reappearance of the previously extinguished behavior is an
example of:
Spontaneous recovery
Variable-ratio schedules generate:
High rates of response
Schedules that generate predictable stair-step patterns are:
Fixed ratio
When considering ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement:
Ratio schedules produce a higher rate of response
Consider the following example: "Joanne is very fair skinned. In order to not get
sunburned, she puts on sunscreen before she goes to the beach." This is an
example of _______________.
Negative reinforcement
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic contingencies?
Positive extinction
Consider the following example: "Kendra stays out two hours past curfew. As a
result of her tardiness, her parents take away her privileges to go out for two
weeks. The next time Kendra goes out, she makes sure to come home on time."
This is an example of __________.
Negative punishment
William (1959) found that the bedtime tantrum behavior of a 20-month-old was
maintained by __________ and the parents' behavior of giving in to the tantrum
was maintained by __________.
Answers Complete
Functional analysis involves classifying behavior according to ____________,
and analyzing the environment in terms of _________.
Response functions; stimulus functions
In terms of the reversal design and behavioral experiments:
The design is used in single-subject experiments
The B-phase is the experimental manipulation
The A-phase is called the baseline
***All of these (CORRECT)
When stimuli vary physically but have a common effect on behavior, they are part
of the same ___________.
Stimulus class
The behavior of an organism:
Is everything an organism does, including thinking and feeling
Analysis of behavior becomes experimental when it involves:
The manipulation of a condition to see how behavior is affected
Negative reinforcers:
Increase behavior when removed
Skinner's model of selection by consequences assumes that behavior:
Naturally varies in form and frequency
The variable manipulated by the experimenter is the ______________ and the
measured effect is the ______________.
Independent; dependent
The idea that successful behaviors will increase in likelihood while unsuccessful
behaviors will decrease in likelihood was first described in:
Thorndike's law of effect
The term _____________refers to behavior that is elicited and the term
____________ refers to behavior that is emitted
Respondent; operant
Any stimulus (or event) that follows a response and increases its frequency is
said to have:
A reinforcement function
In functional analysis, positive and negative reinforcers are examples of
Stimulus classes
A researcher examined the possibility that additional recess time would increase
the number of math facts learned over a one-month period. The procedure tested
this hypothesis using a first-grade classroom with extended recess time a
second-grade classroom with regular recess time. In this study, the amount of
recess time would be considered:
The independent variable
A(n) ____________ refers to all of the forms of a behavior that have a similar
function.
Response class
, Which of the following is not an example of operant conditioning:
Flinching slightly when the nurse tells you that they are about to give you a shot
If food is presented every time a pigeon pecks a key, then the behavior is on a
__________ schedule of reinforcement.
Continuous
The Premack principle states that a higher-frequency behavior will:
Function as reinforcement for a lower-frequency behavior
A rat receives a pellet for the first response after 5 minutes regardless of how
often they press the lever. This is an example of a(n) __________ schedule.
Interval
Skinner proposed that the basic datum (measure) for operant analysis should be:
Rate
Principles of behavior like extinction, discrimination, and spontaneous recovery:
Generalize across species
Increasing the number of responses required in a ratio schedule of reinforcement
too quickly often results in a stereotyped pattern of behavior that includes
emotional responding and a failure to perform the required behavior. This pattern
of behavior is referred to as:
Ratio strain
In order to treat her son's frequent tantrums while out shopping, Ruby put his
tantrum behavior on extinction by refusing to buy any treats when he tantrums in
the store. This works and her son does not tantrum any more while shopping.
Then, suddenly, the tantrum behavior reappears one day while they are out
shopping. This reappearance of the previously extinguished behavior is an
example of:
Spontaneous recovery
Variable-ratio schedules generate:
High rates of response
Schedules that generate predictable stair-step patterns are:
Fixed ratio
When considering ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement:
Ratio schedules produce a higher rate of response
Consider the following example: "Joanne is very fair skinned. In order to not get
sunburned, she puts on sunscreen before she goes to the beach." This is an
example of _______________.
Negative reinforcement
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic contingencies?
Positive extinction
Consider the following example: "Kendra stays out two hours past curfew. As a
result of her tardiness, her parents take away her privileges to go out for two
weeks. The next time Kendra goes out, she makes sure to come home on time."
This is an example of __________.
Negative punishment
William (1959) found that the bedtime tantrum behavior of a 20-month-old was
maintained by __________ and the parents' behavior of giving in to the tantrum
was maintained by __________.
