Summary ADAPTATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TO ITS FUNCTIONS

Histological Adaptations of Respiratory system to its Functions General Organizational Pattern of Respiratory System Respiratory system is organized into the following layers; 1. Mucosa Layer • The respiratory mucosa is made up of the epithelium and supporting lamina propria (a thin layer of connective tissue) • Lamina propria contains elastin and collagen fibers, which provide the trachea with support and elasticity. NB/ Along the respiratory pathway, the epithelial lining changes to accommodate different functions • The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from stratified squamous, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, simple cuboidal to simple squamous with mucous goblet cells, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells. 2. Submucosa • Is not always present or is merged with lamina propria • Contains nervous tissue, blood vessels and lymphatics. • Serous or mixed glands may be present in the lamina propria or submucosa 3. Muscularis Layer • Contains either smooth muscles or hyaline cartilage 4. Adventitia or Serosa • A layer of connective tissue • Contains major nerves, and blood vessels that supply the vessel wall with oxygen and nutrients