Summary ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY

Anatomy of the Kidney OBJECTIVES • Describe the anatomy of the kidney ,ureter,bladder and urethral • Describe the function of the urinary system • Describe the clinical correlation of the urinary system • Describe the embryological development of urinary system • Describe the histological components of urinary system Kidney • Synonyms: Renal (in Latin); Nephros (in Greek). • The kidneys are two bean-shaped, reddish-brown organs within the abdomen situated on the posterior abdominal wall. • Major excretory organs and remove the waste products of protein metabolism and excess of water and salts from the blood and are thus essential for maintaining the electrolyte and water balance in the tissue fluids of the body, necessary for survival. LOCATION • The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, one on each side of the vertebral column, behind the peritoneum, opposite 12th thoracic and upper three lumbar (T12–L3) vertebrae. • They occupy epigastric, hypochondriac, lumbar and umbilical regions • 1. The right kidney lies at a slightly lower level than the left one due to the presence of liver on the right side. • 2. The left kidney is little nearer to the median plane than the right.