• PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY COMBINED
NURS EXAM QUESTION WITH ANSWERS
The goal of nutritional support for the burned individual is to
A. limit the glucose available to infectious organisms.
B. create a positive nitrogen balance.
C. protect the kidney from excessive protein intake.
D. avoid hyperlipidemia.
ANS: B
The goal of nutritional support FOR the burned individual is to create a
positive nitrogen balance. Limiting the glucose available to infectious
organisms, protecting the kidney from excessive protein intake, and
avoiding hyperlipidemia are not the goals of nutritional supportof the burn
patient.
The majority of electrical burns in children are caused by
A. playing with electrical outlets.
B. playing with defective electrical cords.
C. biting on extension cords.
D. putting fingers in electrical sockets.
ANS: C
The majority of electrical burns in children are caused by biting on
extension cords. Playing with electrical outlets, playing with defective
electrical cords, and putting fingers in electricalsockets are not the
causes of the majority of electrical burns in children.
• The immediate management of a thermal burn victim once the fire has been
extinguished is to
A. cover with blankets to prevent shock.
B. monitor for signs of respiratory impairment.
C. apply lubricant to the burn area.
D. start an IV line.
ANS: B
Excessive heat to the respiratory tract could result in obstruction; therefore,
respiratory statusis the main priority. Do not cover with blankets, as this will
prevent underlying heat from escaping. Do not apply anything but water to a
burn. An IV line may be started after management of respiratory status.
Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces necrosis.
A. coagulative
, B. caseous
C. liquefactive
D. fat
ANS: C
Liquefactive necrosis is produced when brain tissue dies, as it is rich in
enzymes and has littleconnective tissue. Coagulative necrosis occurs from
ischemic injury in any tissue. Caseous necrosis occurs in lung tissue damaged
by tuberculosis. Fat necrosis occurs in adipose (fat) tissue.
AWhich is not normally secreted in response to stress?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
ANS: D
Insulin secretion is impaired during stress to promote energy from increased
blood glucose. Norepinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress
and adaptation. Cortisol is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and
adaptation and stimulates gluconeogenesis inthe liver to supply the body with
glucose. Epinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and
adaptation and increases glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from the
liver.
• patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to
restrict sodiumintake. This is an example of
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of
the disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure.
Primary prevention is preventionof disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an
organism that causesmeningitis. This is an example of
, A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure forsusceptible individuals, in this case by providing
vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and
supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it
has developed.
• An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie
diet and exerciseprogram. This is an example of
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
disease such asprescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already
developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
• After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a
cholesterol-loweringmedication. This is an example of
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts
to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a
cholesterol-lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary
, prevention is prevention of disease by alteringsusceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is theearly
detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment
involves management of the disease once it has developed.
• A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet
demonstrating signs ofthis disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.
A. prodromal
B. latent
C. sequela
D. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
agent and the firstappearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases,
this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to
the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and
nausea, which are associated with several different diseases. Sequela refers to
subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is
the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
• A disease that is native to a particular region is called
A. epidemic.
B. endemic.
C. pandemic.
D. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic
is a disease thatspreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are
epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution pattern.
• In general, with aging, organ size and function
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. remain the same.
D. are unknown.
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
NURS EXAM QUESTION WITH ANSWERS
The goal of nutritional support for the burned individual is to
A. limit the glucose available to infectious organisms.
B. create a positive nitrogen balance.
C. protect the kidney from excessive protein intake.
D. avoid hyperlipidemia.
ANS: B
The goal of nutritional support FOR the burned individual is to create a
positive nitrogen balance. Limiting the glucose available to infectious
organisms, protecting the kidney from excessive protein intake, and
avoiding hyperlipidemia are not the goals of nutritional supportof the burn
patient.
The majority of electrical burns in children are caused by
A. playing with electrical outlets.
B. playing with defective electrical cords.
C. biting on extension cords.
D. putting fingers in electrical sockets.
ANS: C
The majority of electrical burns in children are caused by biting on
extension cords. Playing with electrical outlets, playing with defective
electrical cords, and putting fingers in electricalsockets are not the
causes of the majority of electrical burns in children.
• The immediate management of a thermal burn victim once the fire has been
extinguished is to
A. cover with blankets to prevent shock.
B. monitor for signs of respiratory impairment.
C. apply lubricant to the burn area.
D. start an IV line.
ANS: B
Excessive heat to the respiratory tract could result in obstruction; therefore,
respiratory statusis the main priority. Do not cover with blankets, as this will
prevent underlying heat from escaping. Do not apply anything but water to a
burn. An IV line may be started after management of respiratory status.
Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces necrosis.
A. coagulative
, B. caseous
C. liquefactive
D. fat
ANS: C
Liquefactive necrosis is produced when brain tissue dies, as it is rich in
enzymes and has littleconnective tissue. Coagulative necrosis occurs from
ischemic injury in any tissue. Caseous necrosis occurs in lung tissue damaged
by tuberculosis. Fat necrosis occurs in adipose (fat) tissue.
AWhich is not normally secreted in response to stress?
A. Norepinephrine
B. Cortisol
C. Epinephrine
D. Insulin
ANS: D
Insulin secretion is impaired during stress to promote energy from increased
blood glucose. Norepinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress
and adaptation. Cortisol is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and
adaptation and stimulates gluconeogenesis inthe liver to supply the body with
glucose. Epinephrine is secreted during stress as a mediator of stress and
adaptation and increases glycogenolysis and the release of glucose from the
liver.
• patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to
restrict sodiumintake. This is an example of
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of
the disease, such as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure.
Primary prevention is preventionof disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and
restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the
disease once it has developed.
A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an
organism that causesmeningitis. This is an example of
, A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or
reducing exposure forsusceptible individuals, in this case by providing
vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and
management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and
supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it
has developed.
• An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie
diet and exerciseprogram. This is an example of
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the
disease such asprescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already
developed obesity. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Tertiary
prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate
disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves
management of the disease once it has developed.
• After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a
cholesterol-loweringmedication. This is an example of
A. primary prevention.
B. secondary prevention.
C. tertiary prevention.
D. disease treatment.
ANS: C
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts
to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a
cholesterol-lowering medication following a heart attack. Primary
, prevention is prevention of disease by alteringsusceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible individuals. Secondary prevention is theearly
detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment
involves management of the disease once it has developed.
• A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet
demonstrating signs ofthis disease. This stage of illness is called the stage.
A. prodromal
B. latent
C. sequela
D. convalescence
ANS: B
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious
agent and the firstappearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases,
this period is often called the incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to
the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and
nausea, which are associated with several different diseases. Sequela refers to
subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is
the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
• A disease that is native to a particular region is called
A. epidemic.
B. endemic.
C. pandemic.
D. ethnographic.
ANS: B
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic
is a disease thatspreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are
epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
Ethnographic does not describe a disease distribution pattern.
• In general, with aging, organ size and function
A. increase.
B. decrease.
C. remain the same.
D. are unknown.
ANS: B
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
