PMA 3 Review Exam 2023 with complete solution
Scavenger
An animal that feeds on the bodies of already dead organisms.
Primary Consumer
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on producers.
Secondary Consumer
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on primary consumers.
Producer
An organism that makes its own food.
Herbivore
A plant-eating animal.
Carnivore
Animal that obtains energy by eating only animals.
Decomposer
Organism that obtains energy from breaking down dead organisms.
Food Web
A patterns of overlapping food chains in an environment.
Trophic Level
Feeding level in an ecosystem
Energy Pyramid
A diagram showing the amount of energy moving from one trophic level to another.
Food Chains
A single series of events in which one organism eats another.
Omnivore
Animals that eats both plants and animals.
Sun
The initial source of energy in all food chains and webs.
Ecosystem
All the communities and nonliving things in an area
Biotic Factors
All the living things in an environment
Abiotic Factors
All the non-living things in an environment
Biogeochemical Cycle
The movement of matter within and between ecosystems; EX: carbon cycle and water
cycle
Carbon Cycle
The movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back.
Water Cycle
The continual movement of water between the land, ocean, and the air.
Biomass
The total mass of all living matter in a specific area.
Detritivore
An organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues and waste products into
smaller particles.
, Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Heterotroph
Organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer.
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food; also called a producer.
population
a group of interbreeding organisms living in the same area (all of the deer in the forest)
succession
The gradual development of a community over time
primary succession
When a community grows where previously there was only barren rock
secondary succession
When a community grows back after it has been destroyed by fire or farming; soil has
remained intact
biodiversity
the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole)
invasive species
species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their
habitats
aquatic ecosystem
an ecosystem in a body of water
carrying capacity
the number of organisms that a region can support without the population collapsing
climate change
a change in global or regional climate (temperature and precipitation) patterns
depth
distance from the top or surface of something to its bottom
emigration
the act of leaving one's own habitat to settle permanently in another
exponential growth
dramatic increase in population over a short period of time; also known as a J-shaped
curve
immigration
the action of coming to live permanently from another area
limiting factor
something that will limit the size of a population; ex: food, shelter, mates, etc.
logistic growth
occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity;
also known as an s-shaped curve
native species
not invasive, a species that occurs naturally in an area or habitat
pH
the level of acidity
salinity
the level of salt in a body of water
Scavenger
An animal that feeds on the bodies of already dead organisms.
Primary Consumer
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on producers.
Secondary Consumer
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on primary consumers.
Producer
An organism that makes its own food.
Herbivore
A plant-eating animal.
Carnivore
Animal that obtains energy by eating only animals.
Decomposer
Organism that obtains energy from breaking down dead organisms.
Food Web
A patterns of overlapping food chains in an environment.
Trophic Level
Feeding level in an ecosystem
Energy Pyramid
A diagram showing the amount of energy moving from one trophic level to another.
Food Chains
A single series of events in which one organism eats another.
Omnivore
Animals that eats both plants and animals.
Sun
The initial source of energy in all food chains and webs.
Ecosystem
All the communities and nonliving things in an area
Biotic Factors
All the living things in an environment
Abiotic Factors
All the non-living things in an environment
Biogeochemical Cycle
The movement of matter within and between ecosystems; EX: carbon cycle and water
cycle
Carbon Cycle
The movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back.
Water Cycle
The continual movement of water between the land, ocean, and the air.
Biomass
The total mass of all living matter in a specific area.
Detritivore
An organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues and waste products into
smaller particles.
, Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Heterotroph
Organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer.
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food; also called a producer.
population
a group of interbreeding organisms living in the same area (all of the deer in the forest)
succession
The gradual development of a community over time
primary succession
When a community grows where previously there was only barren rock
secondary succession
When a community grows back after it has been destroyed by fire or farming; soil has
remained intact
biodiversity
the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole)
invasive species
species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their
habitats
aquatic ecosystem
an ecosystem in a body of water
carrying capacity
the number of organisms that a region can support without the population collapsing
climate change
a change in global or regional climate (temperature and precipitation) patterns
depth
distance from the top or surface of something to its bottom
emigration
the act of leaving one's own habitat to settle permanently in another
exponential growth
dramatic increase in population over a short period of time; also known as a J-shaped
curve
immigration
the action of coming to live permanently from another area
limiting factor
something that will limit the size of a population; ex: food, shelter, mates, etc.
logistic growth
occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity;
also known as an s-shaped curve
native species
not invasive, a species that occurs naturally in an area or habitat
pH
the level of acidity
salinity
the level of salt in a body of water
