ETHICS AND WHERE IT IS DERIVED IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
What is Ethics? • Ethics is a set of rules that allows us to say right
• Ethics or moral philosophy can be provisionally from wrong, good from the bad.
described as the empirical study of moral decisions. • Ethics can provide true, specific guidance to our
• It is a discipline concerned with what is morally lives.
good and evil, right and wrong. • Ethical principles such as fairness, trustworthiness,
• Any scheme or philosophy of universal ideas or responsibility
beliefs. • Ethics is all about decisions
• Derived from the Greek word "ethos" which may
mean tradition, habit, character, or attitude. Dr. Ann Tenbrunsel (2011) & Brazerman (Author and
Professor of ethics)
Philosophy side it involves critical thinking:
a. It explores, - identify the blind spots as the differences between
b. describes fundamental beliefs, who you want to be and who you are. Hence, most
c. describes standards, of us want to do the right thing, but internal and
d. describes ideals, external factors are in the way.
e. describes traditions,
f. considered as higher level of human discipline Ethicists - Put less emphasis on studying
philosophic principles and, instead, emphasize
Two Division of Ethics the importance of establishing good habits of
1. Normative Ethics - concerns human behavior character - needs of doing the right thing in the
in general, is to address our questions about the right place and time in the right way.
essence of human behavior.
Two fields of Normative Ethics: Moralists - Following one’s interests is not
a. Moral Philosophy - deals with moral ideas wrong.
- Nevertheless, an ethical individual must be
such as what human beings “must do or
able - at least occasionally - to place the needs
how human beings should be.” This also
of others ahead of self-interest, because of our
deals with our moral obligation, the
duty to civil society.
meaning of the act, or the purpose of the
act. VIEWS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
b. Applied Ethics (Practical Ethics) - A 1. Can determine the difference between right
philosophy that discusses strong and basic from wrong, good from bad;
moral issues linked to abortion. 2. Can eliminate actions that do not conform to
what is right;
2. Meta-ethics - A discipline that relies on 3. Will be very careful to the actions and
meaning. It is a science that is seeking to decisions to make;
address non-moral questions about morality. 4. People will not be disturb of the internal and
external factors of doing the right thing;
- Refer to questions about the nature of moral 5. Establish good habits of a character of a
statements. person;
6. Come up with rational decisions in facing an
- the purpose and significance of moral facts, ethical dilemma;
and concerns about the interpretation and 7. Makes a person responsible in the family,
justification of moral statements. school, and society;
8. Becomes sensitive to the needs of others
more than himself or herself;
, 9. Reminds a person to fully need conscience in HOW MORAL STANDARDS ARE
decision making and a person can acknowledge FORMED
the actions made ‣ Are shaped by the beliefs of an individual
‣ Values are the basis of the capacity of an individual
THE DIFFERENCE OF MORAL AND to distinguish between right and wrong
NON-MORAL STANDARDS AND
‣ Morals build on this to form concrete,
CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL
context-driven rules that regulate the action of an
STANDARDS
individual
‣ Moral Standards compel us to behave accordingly,
‣ They are formed from the experience of a person’s
although we have no right to insist on others on
life and are subject to opinion
non-moral values.
‣ Refer to the guidelines we have on the types of acts
FACTORS ON HOW MORAL STANDARDS ARE
that we find to morally permissible and morally
INFLUENCED
unacceptable
1. The moral values or principles that we conform
‣ Normally promote the common good, that is, the
with, in rearing.
welfare and well-being or human beings, animals,
2. The character and manners that imbibed with us
and the environment.
by means of birthright
‣ Are a blending of norms and values
3. The religious values that our forefathers taught us
4. The values we learned from school
CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL
5. The moral conduct, ways and habits of those
STANDARDS (VELASQUEZ, 2012)
people around us
1. Entail serious harm or benefit 6. The direct and implied cultural norms
2. Are not determined by authority figures 7. Our life experiences
3. Should be adopted over other values, 8. Our critical thinking in these experiences
including self-interest.
4. Are focus on objective considerations. MORAL DILEMMA
5. Are perceived and universal. ‣ a situation in which a decision-maker must give
6. Are correlated with different feelings and preference to one moral principle over another
vocabulary. ‣ occur when, confronted with a challenging situation
‣ Self-inflicted dilemma is a moral dilemma that may
Non-moral Standards - Apply the laws arise as a result of a prior personal mistake
which are not related to social or legal
considerations. These criteria are not Kurie & Albin (2007)
inherently related to morality, or by their ‣ A Moral Dilemma is a situation in which people
very definition , lack of ethical sense assume that they should morally do one thing and
a. Etiquette - a decorum, property means that they should morally do another thing.
reverence for the formal criteria governing
conduct in a civilized society. Figar & Dordevic (2016)
b. Statute - a written law passed by a ‣ A Moral Dilemma is a situation whereby a person
legislative body. has to make a decision. Among competing
c. The professional code of ethics - a set alternatives, which is the right (ethical) alternative
of guidelines intended to help practitioners and which is the best.
differentiate between right and wrong to
guide their decision-making.
LEVELS OF DILEMMAS
What is Ethics? • Ethics is a set of rules that allows us to say right
• Ethics or moral philosophy can be provisionally from wrong, good from the bad.
described as the empirical study of moral decisions. • Ethics can provide true, specific guidance to our
• It is a discipline concerned with what is morally lives.
good and evil, right and wrong. • Ethical principles such as fairness, trustworthiness,
• Any scheme or philosophy of universal ideas or responsibility
beliefs. • Ethics is all about decisions
• Derived from the Greek word "ethos" which may
mean tradition, habit, character, or attitude. Dr. Ann Tenbrunsel (2011) & Brazerman (Author and
Professor of ethics)
Philosophy side it involves critical thinking:
a. It explores, - identify the blind spots as the differences between
b. describes fundamental beliefs, who you want to be and who you are. Hence, most
c. describes standards, of us want to do the right thing, but internal and
d. describes ideals, external factors are in the way.
e. describes traditions,
f. considered as higher level of human discipline Ethicists - Put less emphasis on studying
philosophic principles and, instead, emphasize
Two Division of Ethics the importance of establishing good habits of
1. Normative Ethics - concerns human behavior character - needs of doing the right thing in the
in general, is to address our questions about the right place and time in the right way.
essence of human behavior.
Two fields of Normative Ethics: Moralists - Following one’s interests is not
a. Moral Philosophy - deals with moral ideas wrong.
- Nevertheless, an ethical individual must be
such as what human beings “must do or
able - at least occasionally - to place the needs
how human beings should be.” This also
of others ahead of self-interest, because of our
deals with our moral obligation, the
duty to civil society.
meaning of the act, or the purpose of the
act. VIEWS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
b. Applied Ethics (Practical Ethics) - A 1. Can determine the difference between right
philosophy that discusses strong and basic from wrong, good from bad;
moral issues linked to abortion. 2. Can eliminate actions that do not conform to
what is right;
2. Meta-ethics - A discipline that relies on 3. Will be very careful to the actions and
meaning. It is a science that is seeking to decisions to make;
address non-moral questions about morality. 4. People will not be disturb of the internal and
external factors of doing the right thing;
- Refer to questions about the nature of moral 5. Establish good habits of a character of a
statements. person;
6. Come up with rational decisions in facing an
- the purpose and significance of moral facts, ethical dilemma;
and concerns about the interpretation and 7. Makes a person responsible in the family,
justification of moral statements. school, and society;
8. Becomes sensitive to the needs of others
more than himself or herself;
, 9. Reminds a person to fully need conscience in HOW MORAL STANDARDS ARE
decision making and a person can acknowledge FORMED
the actions made ‣ Are shaped by the beliefs of an individual
‣ Values are the basis of the capacity of an individual
THE DIFFERENCE OF MORAL AND to distinguish between right and wrong
NON-MORAL STANDARDS AND
‣ Morals build on this to form concrete,
CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL
context-driven rules that regulate the action of an
STANDARDS
individual
‣ Moral Standards compel us to behave accordingly,
‣ They are formed from the experience of a person’s
although we have no right to insist on others on
life and are subject to opinion
non-moral values.
‣ Refer to the guidelines we have on the types of acts
FACTORS ON HOW MORAL STANDARDS ARE
that we find to morally permissible and morally
INFLUENCED
unacceptable
1. The moral values or principles that we conform
‣ Normally promote the common good, that is, the
with, in rearing.
welfare and well-being or human beings, animals,
2. The character and manners that imbibed with us
and the environment.
by means of birthright
‣ Are a blending of norms and values
3. The religious values that our forefathers taught us
4. The values we learned from school
CHARACTERISTICS OF MORAL
5. The moral conduct, ways and habits of those
STANDARDS (VELASQUEZ, 2012)
people around us
1. Entail serious harm or benefit 6. The direct and implied cultural norms
2. Are not determined by authority figures 7. Our life experiences
3. Should be adopted over other values, 8. Our critical thinking in these experiences
including self-interest.
4. Are focus on objective considerations. MORAL DILEMMA
5. Are perceived and universal. ‣ a situation in which a decision-maker must give
6. Are correlated with different feelings and preference to one moral principle over another
vocabulary. ‣ occur when, confronted with a challenging situation
‣ Self-inflicted dilemma is a moral dilemma that may
Non-moral Standards - Apply the laws arise as a result of a prior personal mistake
which are not related to social or legal
considerations. These criteria are not Kurie & Albin (2007)
inherently related to morality, or by their ‣ A Moral Dilemma is a situation in which people
very definition , lack of ethical sense assume that they should morally do one thing and
a. Etiquette - a decorum, property means that they should morally do another thing.
reverence for the formal criteria governing
conduct in a civilized society. Figar & Dordevic (2016)
b. Statute - a written law passed by a ‣ A Moral Dilemma is a situation whereby a person
legislative body. has to make a decision. Among competing
c. The professional code of ethics - a set alternatives, which is the right (ethical) alternative
of guidelines intended to help practitioners and which is the best.
differentiate between right and wrong to
guide their decision-making.
LEVELS OF DILEMMAS
