Chapter 09: Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx Lampignano: Bontrager’s Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, 9th Edition

Chapter 09: Lumbar Spine, Sacrum, and Coccyx Lampignano: Bontrager’s Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, 9th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine are located at an angle of in relation to the midsagittal plane. a. 45◦ b. 30◦ to 35◦ c. 70◦ to 75◦ d. 90◦ ANS: D REF: 324 2. The small section of bone found between the superior and inferior articular processes of the lumbar spine is termed: a. pillar. b. transverse processes. c. articular facets. d. pars interarticularis. ANS: D REF: 325 3. The zygapophyseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae are in relationship to the midsagittal plane. a. 30◦ b. 50◦ c. 45◦ d. 90◦ ANS: B REF: 324 4. The anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis is the: a. promontory of the sacrum. b. body of S1. c. apex of coccyx. d. sacral foramina. ANS: A REF: 325 5. Another term for the sacral horns is the: a. base of the sacrum. b. promontory of the sacrum. c. cornu of the sacrum. d. median sacral crest. ANS: C REF: 325 6. Which specific aspect of the sacrum articulates with the ilium to form the sacroiliac joint? a. Promontory b. Cornu c. Auricular surface d. Inferior articular processes ANS: C REF: 325 7. Which one of the following structures of the sacrum is considered to be the most posterior? a. Median sacral crest b. Promontory c. Superior articular processes d. Spinous processes ANS: A REF: 325 8. What is the term for the superior aspect of the coccyx? a. Base b. Apex c. Superior margin d. Sacrococcygeal junction ANS: A REF: 326 9. The long axis of the sacrum is generally angled more posteriorly in males than females. a. True b. False ANS: B REF: 326 10. What is the joint classification of the zygapophyseal joints? a. Cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial b. Synovial/diarthrodial c. Fibrous/synarthrodial d. Symphyses/amphiarthrodial ANS: B REF: 328 11. The intervertebral joints in the lumbar spine are classified as: a. synovial/diarthrodial. b. fibrous/synarthrodial. c. cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial. d. fibrous/amphiarthrodial. ANS: C REF: 328