LCDC exam questions with complete solution 2023
DSM 5 axis 1
clinical disorder and other conditions that are focus of treatment.
DSM 5 axis 2
personality disorders and intellectual disability. (mental retardation).
DSM-5 axis 3
General medical conditions.
DMS-5 axis 4
Psychosocial and environmental stressors.
DSM-5 axis 5
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
DSM-5
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
Motivational Interviewing (MI)
A humanistic, client-centered, psychosocial, directive counseling approach that was
developed by William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick in the early 1980s.
MI African Americans
"I appreciate how hard must have been to decide to come here. you took a big
step." "I think is great you want to do something about this problem", *"must have been
very difficult for you", "that's a good suggestion"
4 types of MI Statements
1) cognitive recognition of the problem. 2)affective expression of concern about the
perceived problem. 3) a direct or implicit intention to change behavior. 4)Optimism
about one's ability to change.
4 types of MI. Cognitive recognition
"I guess this is more serious than I thought".
4 types of MI Affective expression of concern
"I'm really worried about what is happening to me."
4 types of MI optimism about one's ability to change
"I know that if I try, I can really do it."
ellicit self-motivational statements
rather than identifying the problem and promoting ways to solve it, help the clt to
recognize how life might be better and choose way to make it so.
The 8 Skills
attending, paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, summarizing, probing, counselor self-
disclosure, interpreting, confrontation.
Attending
demonstration of the counselor's concern for and interest in the client by eye contact,
body posture and accurate verbal following.
Paraphrasing
A counselor statement that mirrors the client's statement in exact or similar wording.
Reflection of feeling
the essence of the client's feelings, either stated or implied, as expressed by the
counselor.
, Summarizing
A brief review of the main points discussed in the session to insure continuity in a
focused direction.
Probing
A counselor's response that directs the client's attention inward to help both parties
examine the client's situation in greater depth.
Counselor self-disclosure
The counselor's sharing of his/her personal feelings, attitudes, opinions, and
experiences for the benefit of the client.
Interpreting
Presenting the client with alternative ways of looking at his/her situation.
confrontation
A counselor's statement or question intended to point out contradictions in the client's
behavior and statements, or to induce the client to face an issue the counselor feels the
client is avoiding.
self-motivational statements
"I guess this has been affecting me more than I realized." "Sometimes when I've been
using , I just can't think or concentrate" "I feel terrible about how my drinking has hurt
my family," "I don't know what to do but something has to change," "If I really put my
mind to something, I can do it."
Counter motivational Assertions
"I don't have a problem with marijuana," "I'm not the one with the problem," "I'm not
going into a hospital" "I have so much else going on right now that I can't think about
quitting," "when I'm high, I'm more relaxed and creative"
open-ended questions
"tell me more about your cocaine use" "what brings you here today?" "so what do you
think you want to do with your drinking"
Closed questions
Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no. ex "How long did you have your
last drink?"
self-efficacy
Belief in the possibility of change is an important motivator. The client is responsible for
choosing and carrying out personal change. There is hope in the range of alternative
approaches available.
Rolling with Resistance (Motivational Interviewing)
Momentum can be used to good advantage. Perceptions can be shifted. New
perspectives are invited but not imposed. The client is a valuable resource in finding
solutions to problems.
4 types of client resistance
Arguing, interrupting, denying, ignoring.
simple reflection MI
Client "I don't plan to quit drinking anytime soon"
Counselor "you don't think that abstinence would work for you right now"
Amplified Reflection - MI
DSM 5 axis 1
clinical disorder and other conditions that are focus of treatment.
DSM 5 axis 2
personality disorders and intellectual disability. (mental retardation).
DSM-5 axis 3
General medical conditions.
DMS-5 axis 4
Psychosocial and environmental stressors.
DSM-5 axis 5
Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
DSM-5
the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.
Motivational Interviewing (MI)
A humanistic, client-centered, psychosocial, directive counseling approach that was
developed by William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick in the early 1980s.
MI African Americans
"I appreciate how hard must have been to decide to come here. you took a big
step." "I think is great you want to do something about this problem", *"must have been
very difficult for you", "that's a good suggestion"
4 types of MI Statements
1) cognitive recognition of the problem. 2)affective expression of concern about the
perceived problem. 3) a direct or implicit intention to change behavior. 4)Optimism
about one's ability to change.
4 types of MI. Cognitive recognition
"I guess this is more serious than I thought".
4 types of MI Affective expression of concern
"I'm really worried about what is happening to me."
4 types of MI optimism about one's ability to change
"I know that if I try, I can really do it."
ellicit self-motivational statements
rather than identifying the problem and promoting ways to solve it, help the clt to
recognize how life might be better and choose way to make it so.
The 8 Skills
attending, paraphrasing, reflection of feeling, summarizing, probing, counselor self-
disclosure, interpreting, confrontation.
Attending
demonstration of the counselor's concern for and interest in the client by eye contact,
body posture and accurate verbal following.
Paraphrasing
A counselor statement that mirrors the client's statement in exact or similar wording.
Reflection of feeling
the essence of the client's feelings, either stated or implied, as expressed by the
counselor.
, Summarizing
A brief review of the main points discussed in the session to insure continuity in a
focused direction.
Probing
A counselor's response that directs the client's attention inward to help both parties
examine the client's situation in greater depth.
Counselor self-disclosure
The counselor's sharing of his/her personal feelings, attitudes, opinions, and
experiences for the benefit of the client.
Interpreting
Presenting the client with alternative ways of looking at his/her situation.
confrontation
A counselor's statement or question intended to point out contradictions in the client's
behavior and statements, or to induce the client to face an issue the counselor feels the
client is avoiding.
self-motivational statements
"I guess this has been affecting me more than I realized." "Sometimes when I've been
using , I just can't think or concentrate" "I feel terrible about how my drinking has hurt
my family," "I don't know what to do but something has to change," "If I really put my
mind to something, I can do it."
Counter motivational Assertions
"I don't have a problem with marijuana," "I'm not the one with the problem," "I'm not
going into a hospital" "I have so much else going on right now that I can't think about
quitting," "when I'm high, I'm more relaxed and creative"
open-ended questions
"tell me more about your cocaine use" "what brings you here today?" "so what do you
think you want to do with your drinking"
Closed questions
Questions that can usually be answered with yes or no. ex "How long did you have your
last drink?"
self-efficacy
Belief in the possibility of change is an important motivator. The client is responsible for
choosing and carrying out personal change. There is hope in the range of alternative
approaches available.
Rolling with Resistance (Motivational Interviewing)
Momentum can be used to good advantage. Perceptions can be shifted. New
perspectives are invited but not imposed. The client is a valuable resource in finding
solutions to problems.
4 types of client resistance
Arguing, interrupting, denying, ignoring.
simple reflection MI
Client "I don't plan to quit drinking anytime soon"
Counselor "you don't think that abstinence would work for you right now"
Amplified Reflection - MI
