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Textbook of
Medical
Mycology
th
Jagdish Chander Edition
Foreword
Niranjan Nayak JAYPEE
,Textbook of
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
Dr. Jagdish Chander MD DNB MAMS
Professor & Head
Department of Microbiology
Government Medical College Hospital
Chandigarh, India
(AYPED The Health Sciences Publisher
NewDelhi | London | Panama
, CHAPTER
20
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is the commonest fungal
humans affecting mucosa, skin, nails anddisease found in genus Candida to encompass these yeasts bringing end
internal
It is caused by variousspecies of yeast-like fungi organs. tothe prevailing confusion, which was officially accepted
to genus Candida with belonging as name of the genus in the 8h Botanical Congress held
Candida albicans as the repre in Paris in 1954. Due to its genus name as Monilia, the
sentative species. The infection may be acute or chronic. disease used to be called moniliasis. Subsequently, similar
superficial or deep and its clinical spectrum is wide. It is fungi, which were known by different names like Torulopsis
found mainly as secondary infection in individuals with were also brought into the domain by merging into this
some underlying immunocompromised condition and genus in 1978 and giving new name asCandida glabrata.
very rarely as the primary disease. Viswanathan and Randhawa isolated Candida visuwanathii
in 1959, which was designated in honor of Dr Raman
Historical Perspective Viswanathan, the first Director of the allabhbhai Patel
Chest Institute (VPCI), Delhi. In 1995, Candida dubliniensis,
The history of candidiasis is very old as the disease was
was described as new species by Sullivan and
described in ancient times and gradually its etiological from Dublin, Ireland. colleagues
agents, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic modalities There are two popular terms, candidosis and candidi
came into existence. The first known description of can
asis, which are frequently used and both are correct, how
didal infections as oral thrush in patients with underlying
ever, candidosis is often preferred in some of the
diseases may be found in Hippocrates' 'Epidemics' from European
countries like United Kingdom, France and Italy as well as
the fourth century BC. Rosen von Rosenstein and Under Canada giving disease name on the basis of pattern fol
Wood identified candidal infections in pediatric patients
lowed in other fungal diseases by putting 'osis' as suffix.
and made the first description of thrush in modern medi On the other hand candidiasis is used
in the United States
cine. In 1839, Lagenbeck described yeast-like organism of of America and rest of the
world.
thrush. In 1842, David Gruby described the fungus respon There are many common names for this
sible for the true thrush of children before the Academy disease
because the fungus is so commonly associated with infec
of Science in Paris, In 1844, Bennett isolated the fungus tions. The word thrush is derived from ancient Scandi.
Irom sputum of patient suffering from tuberculosis. Later navian or Anglo-Saxon words for the
on it was also isolated fromn other sites like vagina, blood word for the condition is le Muguet', disease. The French
and brain by various workers. In 1853, Robin named the the-valley' which means lily-of
lungus Oidium albicans. Cryptococcus glabratus was first This is usually said that we lead
isolated rrom aranes in 18g4 by Berlese and was described lives: Yeasts leaven our bread, fermentinextricably mycotic
In humans by Anderson for the first time in 1917. In 1938, our wine and
beer and inhabit our skins,
mouths, and gastrointestinal
Lodder and de Vries transferred this fungus to genus Tor tracts; however, not all is harmony.
ulopsis glabratus. aphthous ulcers consistent with thrushHippocrates reported
Ihe nomenclature of fungus presently known as Can in patients with
severe debilitation, but it was not until the
1840s that in
ud albicans was previously designated as Odium albi the newly emerging field of
ens and Monilia albicans. The literal meaning of Candida icine that thrush-as well asclinical experimental med
is glowing white in Latin, other mycotic conditions,
Berkhout in 1923 Struetured incluaing ringworm--was recognized as being caused
Textbook of
Medical
Mycology
th
Jagdish Chander Edition
Foreword
Niranjan Nayak JAYPEE
,Textbook of
MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
Dr. Jagdish Chander MD DNB MAMS
Professor & Head
Department of Microbiology
Government Medical College Hospital
Chandigarh, India
(AYPED The Health Sciences Publisher
NewDelhi | London | Panama
, CHAPTER
20
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is the commonest fungal
humans affecting mucosa, skin, nails anddisease found in genus Candida to encompass these yeasts bringing end
internal
It is caused by variousspecies of yeast-like fungi organs. tothe prevailing confusion, which was officially accepted
to genus Candida with belonging as name of the genus in the 8h Botanical Congress held
Candida albicans as the repre in Paris in 1954. Due to its genus name as Monilia, the
sentative species. The infection may be acute or chronic. disease used to be called moniliasis. Subsequently, similar
superficial or deep and its clinical spectrum is wide. It is fungi, which were known by different names like Torulopsis
found mainly as secondary infection in individuals with were also brought into the domain by merging into this
some underlying immunocompromised condition and genus in 1978 and giving new name asCandida glabrata.
very rarely as the primary disease. Viswanathan and Randhawa isolated Candida visuwanathii
in 1959, which was designated in honor of Dr Raman
Historical Perspective Viswanathan, the first Director of the allabhbhai Patel
Chest Institute (VPCI), Delhi. In 1995, Candida dubliniensis,
The history of candidiasis is very old as the disease was
was described as new species by Sullivan and
described in ancient times and gradually its etiological from Dublin, Ireland. colleagues
agents, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic modalities There are two popular terms, candidosis and candidi
came into existence. The first known description of can
asis, which are frequently used and both are correct, how
didal infections as oral thrush in patients with underlying
ever, candidosis is often preferred in some of the
diseases may be found in Hippocrates' 'Epidemics' from European
countries like United Kingdom, France and Italy as well as
the fourth century BC. Rosen von Rosenstein and Under Canada giving disease name on the basis of pattern fol
Wood identified candidal infections in pediatric patients
lowed in other fungal diseases by putting 'osis' as suffix.
and made the first description of thrush in modern medi On the other hand candidiasis is used
in the United States
cine. In 1839, Lagenbeck described yeast-like organism of of America and rest of the
world.
thrush. In 1842, David Gruby described the fungus respon There are many common names for this
sible for the true thrush of children before the Academy disease
because the fungus is so commonly associated with infec
of Science in Paris, In 1844, Bennett isolated the fungus tions. The word thrush is derived from ancient Scandi.
Irom sputum of patient suffering from tuberculosis. Later navian or Anglo-Saxon words for the
on it was also isolated fromn other sites like vagina, blood word for the condition is le Muguet', disease. The French
and brain by various workers. In 1853, Robin named the the-valley' which means lily-of
lungus Oidium albicans. Cryptococcus glabratus was first This is usually said that we lead
isolated rrom aranes in 18g4 by Berlese and was described lives: Yeasts leaven our bread, fermentinextricably mycotic
In humans by Anderson for the first time in 1917. In 1938, our wine and
beer and inhabit our skins,
mouths, and gastrointestinal
Lodder and de Vries transferred this fungus to genus Tor tracts; however, not all is harmony.
ulopsis glabratus. aphthous ulcers consistent with thrushHippocrates reported
Ihe nomenclature of fungus presently known as Can in patients with
severe debilitation, but it was not until the
1840s that in
ud albicans was previously designated as Odium albi the newly emerging field of
ens and Monilia albicans. The literal meaning of Candida icine that thrush-as well asclinical experimental med
is glowing white in Latin, other mycotic conditions,
Berkhout in 1923 Struetured incluaing ringworm--was recognized as being caused
