Test Bank For Comparative Criminal Justice Systems 4th Edition by Harry R. Dammer

Multiple Choice CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1. How do the actions that become “international crimes” reach that status? a. Based on legal agreements between countries b. Based on legal precedents that develop over time c. They are actions against the peace and security of mankind *d. All of these 2. How is a transnational crime different from an international crime? *a. Transnational crimes always involve more than one country b. International crimes never involve more than one country c. Transnational crimes are always tried in the International Criminal Court d. International crimes always occur at border crossings 3. Which of the following is the least likely to be a transnational crime? a. Money laundering b. Drug trafficking *c. Burglary d. Computer crime 4. A typology of transnational crime groups theses offenses into three categories: a. Provisions of illicit goods, services, and homicide *b. Provisions of illicit services, provisions of illicit goods, and infiltration of business or government c. Provision of illicit goods, extortion, and theft d. Racketeering, genocide, and homicide 5. The sale, distribution, or large-scale possession of property obtained in violation of the law is: a. Counterfeiting b. Cybercrime or fraud *c. Trafficking in stolen property d. Commercialized vice 6. Obtaining the property of another or unfair competitive advantage because of threats of future physical injury, property damage, or exposure to criminal charges, as part of an ongoing criminal enterprise is: a. Corruption b. Money laundering c. Counterfeiting *d. Extortion and racketeering 7. Comparative criminology and comparative criminal justice generally study a. Large and small criminals *b. Contrasts in the causes and response to crime in different nations and cultures c. The deviant behaviors of man versus the lower animals d. Crime and justice in individual countries around the world 8. Why should we compare systems and issues of criminal justice? a. To find the “right” approach and use it everywhere *b. To benefit from the experience of others c. To illustrate U.S superiority over other nations in crime control d. It’s a bad idea; is it too late to drop this class? 9. What is “ethnocentrism”? *a. Belief in the superiority of one’s own culture, country, or ethnic group b. The failure of different ethnic groups to reach a middle ground in understanding c. The central ethnic groups are those from middle Asia d. A new rock group from the middle of Ethiopia 10. It is said that the world has become much more interdependent in terms of the events and actions of people and governments around the world. This phenomenon is called.. a. The Internet *b. Globalization c. Cybercrime d. Ethnocentrism 11. The single thing needed most for solving the problems of transnational crime and justice is a. Money b. Legislation *c. Cooperation d. Corruption 12. Why were the six “model” nations selected for highlighting in the textbook? *a. They reflect particular historical families of law and political frameworks b. They are generally recognized to have superior systems of criminal justice c. They were the countries for which the most information was available. d. You mean there’s a textbook required in this course? 13. The term “culture” in this course refers to a. The level of sophistication of a country *b. Deep-seated patterns of thought and behavior that developed over time c. The role of women and minorities in a society d. The spread of bacteria in a particular geographic area 14. Politicized justice refers to a situation where a. Politicians are placed in charge of the criminal justice system b. Justice occurs only for those holding political office c. The criminal justice system focuses on political crimes *d. The criminal justice process is subverted to achieve political ends 15. With greater knowledge of comparative crime trends, governments can make better decisions about the allocation of resources and a. Why crime is so high in their own countries *b. Why some nations are more successful at controlling crime rates c. How many prisons to consider building d. Which television programs and movie to censor Sentence Completion 1. In China, minor crimes are disposed of in neighborhood courts and are presided over by neighborhood volunteers. 2. International crimes have been coined as “crimes against the peace and security of mankind.” 3. Transnational crimes are offenses whose inception, acts and impact involve more than one country. 4. Critical thinking involves purposeful mental activity. 5. Three reasons we should compare systems and issues of criminal justice are (1) to benefit from the experience of others, (2) broaden our understanding of different cultures and approaches to problems, (3) to help us deal with transnational crime problems. 6. Specific practices should be adopted only after serious thought and evaluation. 7. Globalization is the process by which the world has become interdependent of events and actions of people and governments around the world. 8. Technological growth also has contributed directly to the vast increase in the types and volume of transnational crime, with computers and telecommunications playing a key role. 9. People often think their country, culture, or religion is better than another; this is called ethnocentrism. 10. Systems for the administration of criminal justice develop over the course of centuries in response to local needs, efforts by individual leaders, and historical events. 11. A sovereign state is defined as an internationally recognized unit of political authority over a given territory. 12. “Equal justice under the law” is an example of a professed value. 13. Underlying values are those that are not openly proclaimed but that nevertheless govern actions within the criminal justice system 14. Politicized justice involves perverting the judicial or criminal justice process in order to achieve particular political ends. 15. The four families of law are Common Law, Civil Law, Socialist Law, and Islamic Law. True/False T 1. F 2. T 3. courts, F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. Comparative criminal justice investigates and evaluates a national system of justice in terms of other countries, cultures, or institutions. It is appropriate to use the terms “comparative criminal justice” and “comparative criminology” interchangeably. Criminal justice system is the term used to explain and understand all of the agencies whose goal is to control crime. It consists of police, and corrections agencies. International crimes always occur between at least two countries. Critical thinking requires examination all sides of an issue. A benefit of studying criminal justice systems is that you can adapt other countries’ methods to improve your own system. Japan has not had much success with community policing. Two central reasons globalization has occurred are the end of the Cold War and the growth in the world population. Technological growth and computers have allowed criminals to utilize the same systems to further their criminal activity that legitimate businesses use. Transnational crimes are offenses whose inception, acts, and impact involve three or more countries. T 11. T 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. Disguising funds obtained from illegal activity, using banks or businesses, to make it appear as lawful income, is called money laundering. Professed values are those that are proclaimed as values by the participants in the system. Politicization of justice happens in all countries occasionally and in some countries on a regular basis. Politicized justice is usually mixed with real violations of conventional law. Technology is the term used to describe how the world has become interdependent in terms of the events and actions of people and governments around the world. Short Answer Questions 1. Explain the difference between “comparative criminal justice” and “comparative criminology.” 2. Explain how countries have adopted others’ methods to change how they practice criminal justice. 3. What is meant by “globalization?” How has it affected crime and criminal justice? 4. Why is it meaningful to approach comparative criminal justice from a historical– political perspective? Essay Questions / Student Activities 1. Why should we study and compare systems and issues of criminal justice? 2. Explain the difference between “professed values” and “underlying values” as related to criminal justice systems. Provide examples of each. How may they come into conflict with each other? 3. Discuss a transnational crime problem that affects your local community.