COA JCAHPO TEST NEW SOLUTION COMPLETE
MATERIAL GUIDE
Disorders associated with headaches?
Hypertension or Brain Tumor
Headaches caused by refractive error will not appear during?
1. Not appear at night
2. Will not appear during sleep
3. Will not appear when you wake up
Where is the aqueous humor located?
Between the lens and the cornea.
How many rods are there?
125 million
Where are the rods located?
In the retina
How many cones are there?
6 million
Where are the cones located?
In the retina.
Rods are best in what lighting condition?
dim light
Without rods what condition will occur?
night-blindness
Rods are good in what color light?
Red
What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes?
Mydriatic drops
What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes and paralyze the fine focusing
muscle for near vision?
Cycloplegic drops
Measuring PD starts from where and ends where?
Nasal side of right pupil to the temporal side of the pupil on the patients left eye.
What is Rhodopsin?
Rod pigment. (allows for visual purple)
Rhodopsin forms in ______ and is destroyed by _____?
forms in dark, and is destroyed by light
Rhodopsin is composed of what Vitamin?
Vitamin A (deficiency causes night blindness)
What is Adie's Syndrome?
Tonic Pupil. (pupil responds to light stimulation very slowly)
How do you measure a patient's PD when they can only see from one eye?
measure from center of the pupil of the good eye to the center of the bridge of the nose
How do you measure a patient's PD when they have unequal pupils?
measure from nasal side of the limbus of patients right eye to the temporal side of the
limbus of the left eye.
,How do you measure a patient's PD when they have a squint?
Measure from the inner canthus of one eye to the outer canthus of the opposite eye.
What are the most important disorders to ask patients about?
Diabetes
High Blood Pressure (HTN)
Heart Health/ Cardiovascular Issues
Arthritis
What are the main symptoms of diplopia?
Loss of alignment of eyes
(covering one eye will always eliminate the second image)
What is the cause of light flashes?
Retinal detachment
What is the cause of Ptosis?
3rd Nerve palsy or Diabetes
What is the cause of Diplopia?
Thyroid Disorder
Diabetes
3rd Nerve Palsy
Myathenia Gravis
What is the cause of sudden loss of vision?
Macular degeneration
Retinal Detachment
Retinal Vein or Artery Occlusion
Retrobulbar Neuritis
What is the cause of Foreign Body Sensation (FBS)?
Corneal Abrasion
Herpes Simplex
What is the cause of blurred distance vision in adults?
Diabetes
Cataracts
Macular Edema
What is the cause of Halos around lights?
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Cataracts
What is the cause of spots before the eye?
Retinal Tear
Vitreous Detachment
What are the most important items to ask patients during work up?
1. Present and Past Health History
2. Medication (current and exact name/ purpose)
3. Allergies (drug, inhalants, contactants, food, injections, ingestants)
What symptoms are associated with Acute conjunctivitis?
Discharge
Pain
Blurred Vision
, What organism is the cause of Acute Conjunctivitis?
Staph Aureus
What are some important familial history of common ocular defects?
Myopia
Strabismus
Glaucoma
What are the 6 steps to taking history?
1. Chief Complaint
2. Secondary Problems of the eye
3. Systemic or general illness (current)
4. Past ocular disorders
5. Wear contacts or glasses?
6. Therapies, response to therapies
What are the three main layers of tears?
Oily Layer (outer)
Aqueous Layer (middle)
Mucin Layer ( inner)
What is the flow path of the aqueous humor? (PPATSA)
(PPATSA)
Posterior Chamber---Pupil---Anterior Chamber---Trabecular Meshwork---Schlemm's
Canal---Aqueous Vein
Lens of the eye?
A biconvex structure that light passes through.
Vitreous Body?
Fluid filled space located behind the lens, occupies 2/3rds of the volume of the eye.
Name the drops used that do not have cycloplegic effects.
(CHEEP)
cocaine (anesthetic)
hydroxaphetamine
eucatropine hydrochloride
epinepherine (adrenalin)
phenylephrine (not used anymore, bad for heart)
Example of Cycloplegic Agents.
(TCASH)
Atropine (most powerful)
homatropine
Scopolamine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide
When an object is viewed close at hand, what three actions occur?
1. Convergence of eyes towards the object.
2. Accommodation.
3. Pupillary Constriction
MATERIAL GUIDE
Disorders associated with headaches?
Hypertension or Brain Tumor
Headaches caused by refractive error will not appear during?
1. Not appear at night
2. Will not appear during sleep
3. Will not appear when you wake up
Where is the aqueous humor located?
Between the lens and the cornea.
How many rods are there?
125 million
Where are the rods located?
In the retina
How many cones are there?
6 million
Where are the cones located?
In the retina.
Rods are best in what lighting condition?
dim light
Without rods what condition will occur?
night-blindness
Rods are good in what color light?
Red
What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes?
Mydriatic drops
What type of drops are used to dilate the eyes and paralyze the fine focusing
muscle for near vision?
Cycloplegic drops
Measuring PD starts from where and ends where?
Nasal side of right pupil to the temporal side of the pupil on the patients left eye.
What is Rhodopsin?
Rod pigment. (allows for visual purple)
Rhodopsin forms in ______ and is destroyed by _____?
forms in dark, and is destroyed by light
Rhodopsin is composed of what Vitamin?
Vitamin A (deficiency causes night blindness)
What is Adie's Syndrome?
Tonic Pupil. (pupil responds to light stimulation very slowly)
How do you measure a patient's PD when they can only see from one eye?
measure from center of the pupil of the good eye to the center of the bridge of the nose
How do you measure a patient's PD when they have unequal pupils?
measure from nasal side of the limbus of patients right eye to the temporal side of the
limbus of the left eye.
,How do you measure a patient's PD when they have a squint?
Measure from the inner canthus of one eye to the outer canthus of the opposite eye.
What are the most important disorders to ask patients about?
Diabetes
High Blood Pressure (HTN)
Heart Health/ Cardiovascular Issues
Arthritis
What are the main symptoms of diplopia?
Loss of alignment of eyes
(covering one eye will always eliminate the second image)
What is the cause of light flashes?
Retinal detachment
What is the cause of Ptosis?
3rd Nerve palsy or Diabetes
What is the cause of Diplopia?
Thyroid Disorder
Diabetes
3rd Nerve Palsy
Myathenia Gravis
What is the cause of sudden loss of vision?
Macular degeneration
Retinal Detachment
Retinal Vein or Artery Occlusion
Retrobulbar Neuritis
What is the cause of Foreign Body Sensation (FBS)?
Corneal Abrasion
Herpes Simplex
What is the cause of blurred distance vision in adults?
Diabetes
Cataracts
Macular Edema
What is the cause of Halos around lights?
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Cataracts
What is the cause of spots before the eye?
Retinal Tear
Vitreous Detachment
What are the most important items to ask patients during work up?
1. Present and Past Health History
2. Medication (current and exact name/ purpose)
3. Allergies (drug, inhalants, contactants, food, injections, ingestants)
What symptoms are associated with Acute conjunctivitis?
Discharge
Pain
Blurred Vision
, What organism is the cause of Acute Conjunctivitis?
Staph Aureus
What are some important familial history of common ocular defects?
Myopia
Strabismus
Glaucoma
What are the 6 steps to taking history?
1. Chief Complaint
2. Secondary Problems of the eye
3. Systemic or general illness (current)
4. Past ocular disorders
5. Wear contacts or glasses?
6. Therapies, response to therapies
What are the three main layers of tears?
Oily Layer (outer)
Aqueous Layer (middle)
Mucin Layer ( inner)
What is the flow path of the aqueous humor? (PPATSA)
(PPATSA)
Posterior Chamber---Pupil---Anterior Chamber---Trabecular Meshwork---Schlemm's
Canal---Aqueous Vein
Lens of the eye?
A biconvex structure that light passes through.
Vitreous Body?
Fluid filled space located behind the lens, occupies 2/3rds of the volume of the eye.
Name the drops used that do not have cycloplegic effects.
(CHEEP)
cocaine (anesthetic)
hydroxaphetamine
eucatropine hydrochloride
epinepherine (adrenalin)
phenylephrine (not used anymore, bad for heart)
Example of Cycloplegic Agents.
(TCASH)
Atropine (most powerful)
homatropine
Scopolamine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide
When an object is viewed close at hand, what three actions occur?
1. Convergence of eyes towards the object.
2. Accommodation.
3. Pupillary Constriction
