Unit 3: Fluid & Electrolyte balance Questions With Complete Solutions

Which client is most likely to exhibit dehydration? correct answer: an 8-month-old infant with persistent diarrhea for 24 hours Infants and elderly persons have the greatest risk of fluid-related health problems. An infant's body weight is 70% to 80% water content. An infant who is ill and has had persistent diarrhea for 24 hours will quickly lose a significant amount of fluid and electrolytes if the diarrhea is not stopped and replacement fluids given.Healthy young adults have a higher tolerance for fluid loss and can quickly regain their fluid balance when fluids are lost through normal activity.The 75-year-old woman who was placed on NPO status before surgery is not likely to develop a fluid volume deficit within 8 hours, unless there are other fluid conditions present that would precipitate fluid loss.The 60-year-old client with pneumonia and a fever should be monitored for a fluid deficit, but he is not as likely to develop one as a client who is actively losing fluids through diarrhea. During a follow-up visit to the physician, a client with hyperparathyroidism asks the nurse to explain the physiology of the parathyroid glands. The nurse states that these glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH maintains the balance between calcium and correct answer: phosphorus. PTH increases the serum calcium level and decreases the serum phosphate level. PTH doesn't affect sodium, potassium, or magnesium regulation. A client has vomited several times over the past 12 hours. The nurse should recognize the risk of what complication? correct answer: metabolic alkalosis Vomiting results in loss of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and potassium from the stomach, leading to a reduction of chlorides and potassium in the blood and to metabolic alkalosis. A child is brought to the emergency department with a full-thickness burn involving the epidermis, dermis, and underlying subcutaneous tissue, but does not report pain at this time. Which statements by the nurse are correct about this type of burn? Select all that apply. correct answer: This is a severe burn and nerve endings have been destroyed. The child must be monitored for signs of fluid shift. Rehabilitation and skin grafting will be necessary. This is an example of a third-degree burn, which is very serious. This child must be carefully monitored for complications. The fact that there is no pain is due to the destruction of the nerve endings. Fluid shift can occur and result in shock. A burn of this degree will also require a long rehabilitation with skin grafting. Oral pain medication would not be administered as the child would be NPO and oral medication would not be effective. This burn is not superficial. A client has a nursing diagnosis of fluid volume deficit. Which nursing assessment finding would support this diagnosis? correct answer: orthostatic blood pressure changes Fluid volume deficit is characterized by hypotension, tachycardia, increased body temperature,