RENAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE ALREADY PASSED

RENAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CORRECT ANSWERS AND VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE ALREADY PASSED 1. A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by: a. decreased renal blood flow. b. decreased peritubular capillary pressure. c. dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage. d. stimulation of antidiuretic hormone. ANS: C Hydronephrosis occurs due to dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage. Hydronephrosis is not the result of decreased renal blood flow. Hydronephrosis is not the result of decreased peritubular capillary pressure, but due to dilation of the renal pelvis. Hydronephrosis occurs due to dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage, not to stimulation of the antidiuretic hormone. REF: p. 741 2. A 27-year-old male has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur? lOMoARcPSD| a. Atrophy of the remaining kidney b. Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney c. Dysplasia in the remaining kidney d. Renal failure ANS: B The remaining kidney would hypertrophy to compensate for the increased workload of the loss of the affected kidney. The remaining kidney would enlarge, not atrophy. The remaining kidney would hypertrophy, not change cell structure. The remaining kidney would hypertrophy; the patient would not go into renal failure. REF: p. 742 3. A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse? a. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis b. Formation of renal calculi c. Glomerulonephritis d. Increased bladder compliance ANS: B Urine stasis occurs with urinary tract obstruction and can lead to the formation of renal calculi. Reflux and pyelonephritis would not lead to calculi as much as stasis. lOMoARcPSD| Glomerulonephritis would not lead to calculi formation. Increased compliance would not lead to calculi. REF: p. 743 4. When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond? The most common type of renal stone is composed of: a. magnesium. b. struvite. c. calcium. d. phosphate. ANS: C The most common composition of a renal stone is calcium, accounting for 70% to 80%. The most common composition of a renal stone is calcium, accounting for 70% to 80%. Only a limited number of stones are composed of magnesium. The most common composition of a renal stone is calcium, accounting for 70% to 80%. Struvite accounts for less than 10% to 15%. The most common composition of a renal stone is calcium, accounting for 70% to 80%. The percentage of phosphate is very low. REF: p. 743