AORN Periop Exam

AORN Periop Exam Factors to consider before anesthetic choice: - Answer- Age Length and type of surgery Pt & Surgeons preference Co-existing diagnosis Mental/Psych Status Previous anesthesia experience Post op Plan Position NPO Status: Clear liquids should be stopped ___ hours before surgery. - Answer- 2 hours NPO Status: Breast milk should be stopped___ hours before surgery. - Answer- 4 hours before NPO Status: infant Formula should be stopped ___ hours before surgery. - Answer- 6 hours NPO Status: Light meal (toast & clear liquids) should be stopped ___ hours before surgery. - Answer- 6 hours NPO Status: Fried Foods, Fatty Foods, and meat should be stopped __ hours before surgery. - Answer- 8 hours Cricoid Pressure should be stopped - Answer- When the anesthesia provider tells you that you are able to release pressure. (Once the ET tube cuff is inflated, tube placement is confirmed) *If intubation/ventilation of the pt is difficult, the RN should gather additional airway supplies. Anesthesia uses infusions pumps for: - Answer- the delivery of IV anesthesia and vasoactive meds laryngoscope - Answer- instrument used for visual examination of the larynx oral airway - Answer- Prevents obstruction of the trachea by displacement of the tongue into the oropharynx nasopharyngeal airway - Answer- a flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient's nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway Endotracheal tube - Answer- polyvinyl-chloride airway that is inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a laryngoscope as a guide general anesthesia - Answer- Drug induced reversible state of unconsciousness. Results in amnesia, analgesia, and loss of responsiveness, decreased stress response, and loss of skeletal muscle reflexes to a varying degree Regional Anesthesia - Answer- An Injection of local anesthetics near nerve fibers that cause reversible loss of sensation over an area of the body. Ex: Spinal, epidural, peripheral nerve blocks Ex: Lidocaine, Bupivicaine (Marcaine), Ropivacaine, Tetracaine (Long acting spinal) Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) - Answer- An anesthesia provider monitors the patient, administers sedatives and other agents as needed, and provides medical services as required. Moderate Sedation - Answer- The administration of sedative, analgesic, and/or anxiolytic agents by a physician or by a nurse under physician supervision Depending on state laws and hospital policies, an RN may administer moderate sedation. local anesthesia - Answer- The infiltration or topical administration of agents to anesthetize a part of the body. the periop nurse provides pt monitoring and supportive care. Used for: minor procedures and does not require and anesthesiologist Phase One: induction - Answer- Start of anesthetics IV Meds and inhalation agents are administered by the Anesthesia Provider Phase Two: Maintence - Answer- Meds and Inhalation agents are administered to keep the pt anesthetized. Phase 3: Emergence - Answer- At the end of the procedure, the anesthetic agents are discontinued or reversed to allow the patient to Wake Up. There is no reversal Agent for: - Answer- Succinylcholine Sugammadex - Answer- reversal agent for rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium (Muscle relaxants) What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepines/midazolam - Answer- Flumazenil (Romazicon) Naloxone is used to reverse: - Answer- Fentanyl/Opiates/Narcotics Pts who are at an increased risk for hypothermia include: - Answer- Older adults