Contents
About ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1: Getting started with VBA ................................................................................................................... 2
Section 1.1: Accessing the Visual Basic Editor in Microsoft Oce ............................................................................. 2
Section 1.2: Debugging .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Section 1.3: First Module and Hello World ................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2: Comments ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Section 2.1: Apostrophe Comments ............................................................................................................................. 6
Section 2.2: REM Comments ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Chapter 3: String Literals - Escaping, non-printable characters and line-continuations
................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Section 3.1: Escaping the " character ........................................................................................................................... 7
Section 3.2: Assigning long string literals .................................................................................................................... 7
Section 3.3: Using VBA string constants ..................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 4: VBA Option Keyword .......................................................................................................................... 9
Section 4.1: Option Explicit ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Section 4.2: Option Base {0 | 1} .................................................................................................................................. 10
Section 4.3: Option Compare {Binary | Text | Database} ........................................................................................ 12
Chapter 5: Declaring Variables ........................................................................................................................... 14
Section 5.1: Type Hints ................................................................................................................................................ 14
Section 5.2: Variables .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Section 5.3: Constants (Const) ................................................................................................................................... 18
Section 5.4: Declaring Fixed-Length Strings ............................................................................................................. 19
Section 5.5: When to use a Static variable ............................................................................................................... 20
Section 5.6: Implicit And Explicit Declaration ............................................................................................................ 22
Section 5.7: Access Modifiers ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 6: Declaring and assigning strings .................................................................................................. 24
Section 6.1: Assignment to and from a byte array .................................................................................................. 24
Section 6.2: Declare a string constant ...................................................................................................................... 24
Section 6.3: Declare a variable-width string variable .............................................................................................. 24
Section 6.4: Declare and assign a fixed-width string .............................................................................................. 24
Section 6.5: Declare and assign a string array ........................................................................................................ 24
Section 6.6: Assign specific characters within a string using Mid statement ........................................................ 25
Chapter 7: Concatenating strings ...................................................................................................................... 26
Section 7.1: Concatenate an array of strings using the Join function ................................................................... 26
Section 7.2: Concatenate strings using the & operator ........................................................................................... 26
Chapter 8: Frequently used string manipulation ....................................................................................... 27
Section 8.1: String manipulation frequently used examples ................................................................................... 27
Chapter 9: Substrings ............................................................................................................................................... 29
Section 9.1: Use Left or Left$ to get the 3 left-most characters in a string ........................................................... 29
Section 9.2: Use Right or Right$ to get the 3 right-most characters in a string ................................................... 29
Section 9.3: Use Mid or Mid$ to get specific characters from within a string ....................................................... 29
Section 9.4: Use Trim to get a copy of the string without any leading or trailing spaces .................................. 29
Chapter 10: Searching within strings for the presence of substrings ............................................. 30
Section 10.1: Use InStr to determine if a string contains a substring ..................................................................... 30
Section 10.2: Use InStrRev to find the position of the last instance of a substring .............................................. 30
Section 10.3: Use InStr to find the position of the first instance of a substring ..................................................... 30
,Chapter 11: Assigning strings with repeated characters ........................................................................ 31
Section 11.1: Use the String function to assign a string with n repeated characters ............................................. 31
Section 11.2: Use the String and Space functions to assign an n-character string ............................................... 31
Chapter 12: Measuring the length of strings ................................................................................................ 32
Section 12.1: Use the Len function to determine the number of characters in a string ....................................... 32
Section 12.2: Use the LenB function to determine the number of bytes in a string ............................................. 32
Section 12.3: Prefer `If Len(myString) = 0 Then` over `If myString = "" Then` ......................................................... 32
Chapter 13: Converting other types to strings ............................................................................................ 33
Section 13.1: Use CStr to convert a numeric type to a string .................................................................................. 33
Section 13.2: Use Format to convert and format a numeric type as a string ....................................................... 33
Section 13.3: Use StrConv to convert a byte-array of single-byte characters to a string ................................... 33
Section 13.4: Implicitly convert a byte array of multi-byte-characters to a string ............................................... 33
Chapter 14: Date Time Manipulation ................................................................................................................ 34
Section 14.1: Calendar .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Section 14.2: Base functions ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Section 14.3: Extraction functions ............................................................................................................................... 36
Section 14.4: Calculation functions ............................................................................................................................. 37
Section 14.5: Conversion and Creation ...................................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 15: Data Types and Limits ................................................................................................................... 41
Section 15.1: Variant ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Section 15.2: Boolean .................................................................................................................................................. 42
Section 15.3: String ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
Section 15.4: Byte ......................................................................................................................................................... 43
Section 15.5: Currency ................................................................................................................................................. 44
Section 15.6: Decimal ................................................................................................................................................... 44
Section 15.7: Integer .................................................................................................................................................... 44
Section 15.8: Long ........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Section 15.9: Single ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Section 15.10: Double ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Section 15.11: Date ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
Section 15.12: LongLong .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Section 15.13: LongPtr .................................................................................................................................................. 46
Chapter 16: Naming Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 47
Section 16.1: Variable Names ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Section 16.2: Procedure Names ................................................................................................................................. 50
Chapter 17: Data Structures ................................................................................................................................. 52
Section 17.1: Linked List ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Section 17.2: Binary Tree ............................................................................................................................................. 53
Chapter 18: Arrays ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
Section 18.1: Multidimensional Arrays ........................................................................................................................ 54
Section 18.2: Dynamic Arrays (Array Resizing and Dynamic Handling) ............................................................... 59
Section 18.3: Jagged Arrays (Arrays of Arrays) ...................................................................................................... 60
Section 18.4: Declaring an Array in VBA ................................................................................................................... 63
Section 18.5: Use of Split to create an array from a string ..................................................................................... 64
Section 18.6: Iterating elements of an array ............................................................................................................. 65
Chapter 19: Copying, returning and passing arrays ................................................................................. 67
Section 19.1: Passing Arrays to Proceedures ............................................................................................................ 67
Section 19.2: Copying Arrays ...................................................................................................................................... 67
Section 19.3: Returning Arrays from Functions ........................................................................................................ 69
,Chapter 20: Collections ............................................................................................................................................ 71
Section 20.1: Getting the Item Count of a Collection ............................................................................................... 71
Section 20.2: Determining if a Key or Item Exists in a Collection ........................................................................... 71
Section 20.3: Adding Items to a Collection ............................................................................................................... 72
Section 20.4: Removing Items From a Collection .................................................................................................... 73
Section 20.5: Retrieving Items From a Collection .................................................................................................... 74
Section 20.6: Clearing All Items From a Collection .................................................................................................. 75
Chapter 21: Operators .............................................................................................................................................. 77
Section 21.1: Concatenation Operators ..................................................................................................................... 77
Section 21.2: Comparison Operators ......................................................................................................................... 77
Section 21.3: Bitwise \ Logical Operators .................................................................................................................. 79
Section 21.4: Mathematical Operators ...................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 22: Sorting .................................................................................................................................................... 82
Section 22.1: Algorithm Implementation - Quick Sort on a One-Dimensional Array ........................................... 82
Section 22.2: Using the Excel Library to Sort a One-Dimensional Array ............................................................... 82
Chapter 23: Flow control structures ................................................................................................................. 85
Section 23.1: For loop .................................................................................................................................................. 85
Section 23.2: Select Case ............................................................................................................................................ 86
Section 23.3: For Each loop ........................................................................................................................................ 87
Section 23.4: Do loop .................................................................................................................................................. 88
Section 23.5: While loop .............................................................................................................................................. 88
Chapter 24: Passing Arguments ByRef or ByVal ....................................................................................... 89
Section 24.1: Passing Simple Variables ByRef And ByVal ....................................................................................... 89
Section 24.2: ByRef ..................................................................................................................................................... 90
Section 24.3: ByVal ...................................................................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 25: Scripting.FileSystemObject ......................................................................................................... 93
Section 25.1: Retrieve only the path from a file path ............................................................................................... 93
Section 25.2: Retrieve just the extension from a file name .................................................................................... 93
Section 25.3: Recursively enumerate folders and files ........................................................................................... 93
Section 25.4: Strip file extension from a file name .................................................................................................. 94
Section 25.5: Enumerate files in a directory using FileSystemObject .................................................................... 94
Section 25.6: Creating a FileSystemObject ............................................................................................................... 95
Section 25.7: Reading a text file using a FileSystemObject .................................................................................... 95
Section 25.8: Creating a text file with FileSystemObject ......................................................................................... 96
Section 25.9: Using FSO.BuildPath to build a Full Path from folder path and file name ..................................... 96
Section 25.10: Writing to an existing file with FileSystemObject ............................................................................. 97
Chapter 26: Working With Files and Directories Without Using FileSystemObject .................. 98
Section 26.1: Determining If Folders and Files Exist ................................................................................................. 98
Section 26.2: Creating and Deleting File Folders ..................................................................................................... 99
Chapter 27: Reading 2GB+ files in binary in VBA and File Hashes .................................................. 100
Section 27.1: This have to be in a Class module, examples later referred as "Random" .................................. 100
Section 27.2: Code for Calculating File Hash in a Standard module ................................................................... 103
Section 27.3: Calculating all Files Hash from a root Folder .................................................................................. 105
Chapter 28: Creating a procedure ................................................................................................................... 109
Section 28.1: Introduction to procedures ................................................................................................................ 109
Section 28.2: Function With Examples .................................................................................................................... 109
Chapter 29: Procedure Calls ............................................................................................................................... 111
Section 29.1: This is confusing. Why not just always use parentheses? .............................................................. 111
Section 29.2: Implicit Call Syntax ............................................................................................................................. 111
, Section 29.3: Optional Arguments ........................................................................................................................... 112
Section 29.4: Explicit Call Syntax ............................................................................................................................. 112
Section 29.5: Return Values ..................................................................................................................................... 113
Chapter 30: Conditional Compilation ............................................................................................................. 114
Section 30.1: Changing code behavior at compile time ........................................................................................ 114
Section 30.2: Using Declare Imports that work on all versions of Oce ............................................................ 115
Chapter 31: Object-Oriented VBA ..................................................................................................................... 117
Section 31.1: Abstraction ............................................................................................................................................ 117
Section 31.2: Encapsulation ...................................................................................................................................... 117
Section 31.3: Polymorphism ...................................................................................................................................... 121
Chapter 32: Creating a Custom Class ............................................................................................................. 124
Section 32.1: Adding a Property to a Class ............................................................................................................. 124
Section 32.2: Class module scope, instancing and re-use .................................................................................... 125
Section 32.3: Adding Functionality to a Class ........................................................................................................ 125
Chapter 33: Interfaces ........................................................................................................................................... 127
Section 33.1: Multiple Interfaces in One Class - Flyable and Swimable ............................................................... 127
Section 33.2: Simple Interface - Flyable .................................................................................................................. 128
Chapter 34: Recursion ........................................................................................................................................... 130
Section 34.1: Factorials .............................................................................................................................................. 130
Section 34.2: Folder Recursion ................................................................................................................................. 130
Chapter 35: Events ................................................................................................................................................... 132
Section 35.1: Sources and Handlers ......................................................................................................................... 132
Section 35.2: Passing data back to the event source ........................................................................................... 134
Chapter 36: Scripting.Dictionary object ........................................................................................................ 136
Section 36.1: Properties and Methods ..................................................................................................................... 136
Chapter 37: Working with ADO .......................................................................................................................... 138
Section 37.1: Making a connection to a data source ............................................................................................. 138
Section 37.2: Creating parameterized commands ................................................................................................ 138
Section 37.3: Retrieving records with a query ........................................................................................................ 139
Section 37.4: Executing non-scalar functions ......................................................................................................... 141
Chapter 38: Attributes ............................................................................................................................................ 142
Section 38.1: VB_PredeclaredId ............................................................................................................................... 142
Section 38.2: VB_[Var]UserMemId ......................................................................................................................... 142
Section 38.3: VB_Exposed ........................................................................................................................................ 143
Section 38.4: VB_Description ................................................................................................................................... 144
Section 38.5: VB_Name ............................................................................................................................................ 144
Section 38.6: VB_GlobalNameSpace ...................................................................................................................... 144
Section 38.7: VB_Createable ................................................................................................................................... 145
Chapter 39: User Forms ......................................................................................................................................... 146
Section 39.1: Best Practices ...................................................................................................................................... 146
Section 39.2: Handling QueryClose ......................................................................................................................... 148
Chapter 40: CreateObject vs. GetObject ..................................................................................................... 150
Section 40.1: Demonstrating GetObject and CreateObject .................................................................................. 150
Chapter 41: Non-Latin Characters ................................................................................................................... 151
Section 41.1: Non-Latin Text in VBA Code ............................................................................................................... 151
Section 41.2: Non-Latin Identifiers and Language Coverage ............................................................................... 152
Chapter 42: API Calls .............................................................................................................................................. 153
Section 42.1: Mac APIs ............................................................................................................................................... 153
About ................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 1: Getting started with VBA ................................................................................................................... 2
Section 1.1: Accessing the Visual Basic Editor in Microsoft Oce ............................................................................. 2
Section 1.2: Debugging .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Section 1.3: First Module and Hello World ................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2: Comments ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Section 2.1: Apostrophe Comments ............................................................................................................................. 6
Section 2.2: REM Comments ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Chapter 3: String Literals - Escaping, non-printable characters and line-continuations
................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Section 3.1: Escaping the " character ........................................................................................................................... 7
Section 3.2: Assigning long string literals .................................................................................................................... 7
Section 3.3: Using VBA string constants ..................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 4: VBA Option Keyword .......................................................................................................................... 9
Section 4.1: Option Explicit ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Section 4.2: Option Base {0 | 1} .................................................................................................................................. 10
Section 4.3: Option Compare {Binary | Text | Database} ........................................................................................ 12
Chapter 5: Declaring Variables ........................................................................................................................... 14
Section 5.1: Type Hints ................................................................................................................................................ 14
Section 5.2: Variables .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Section 5.3: Constants (Const) ................................................................................................................................... 18
Section 5.4: Declaring Fixed-Length Strings ............................................................................................................. 19
Section 5.5: When to use a Static variable ............................................................................................................... 20
Section 5.6: Implicit And Explicit Declaration ............................................................................................................ 22
Section 5.7: Access Modifiers ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 6: Declaring and assigning strings .................................................................................................. 24
Section 6.1: Assignment to and from a byte array .................................................................................................. 24
Section 6.2: Declare a string constant ...................................................................................................................... 24
Section 6.3: Declare a variable-width string variable .............................................................................................. 24
Section 6.4: Declare and assign a fixed-width string .............................................................................................. 24
Section 6.5: Declare and assign a string array ........................................................................................................ 24
Section 6.6: Assign specific characters within a string using Mid statement ........................................................ 25
Chapter 7: Concatenating strings ...................................................................................................................... 26
Section 7.1: Concatenate an array of strings using the Join function ................................................................... 26
Section 7.2: Concatenate strings using the & operator ........................................................................................... 26
Chapter 8: Frequently used string manipulation ....................................................................................... 27
Section 8.1: String manipulation frequently used examples ................................................................................... 27
Chapter 9: Substrings ............................................................................................................................................... 29
Section 9.1: Use Left or Left$ to get the 3 left-most characters in a string ........................................................... 29
Section 9.2: Use Right or Right$ to get the 3 right-most characters in a string ................................................... 29
Section 9.3: Use Mid or Mid$ to get specific characters from within a string ....................................................... 29
Section 9.4: Use Trim to get a copy of the string without any leading or trailing spaces .................................. 29
Chapter 10: Searching within strings for the presence of substrings ............................................. 30
Section 10.1: Use InStr to determine if a string contains a substring ..................................................................... 30
Section 10.2: Use InStrRev to find the position of the last instance of a substring .............................................. 30
Section 10.3: Use InStr to find the position of the first instance of a substring ..................................................... 30
,Chapter 11: Assigning strings with repeated characters ........................................................................ 31
Section 11.1: Use the String function to assign a string with n repeated characters ............................................. 31
Section 11.2: Use the String and Space functions to assign an n-character string ............................................... 31
Chapter 12: Measuring the length of strings ................................................................................................ 32
Section 12.1: Use the Len function to determine the number of characters in a string ....................................... 32
Section 12.2: Use the LenB function to determine the number of bytes in a string ............................................. 32
Section 12.3: Prefer `If Len(myString) = 0 Then` over `If myString = "" Then` ......................................................... 32
Chapter 13: Converting other types to strings ............................................................................................ 33
Section 13.1: Use CStr to convert a numeric type to a string .................................................................................. 33
Section 13.2: Use Format to convert and format a numeric type as a string ....................................................... 33
Section 13.3: Use StrConv to convert a byte-array of single-byte characters to a string ................................... 33
Section 13.4: Implicitly convert a byte array of multi-byte-characters to a string ............................................... 33
Chapter 14: Date Time Manipulation ................................................................................................................ 34
Section 14.1: Calendar .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Section 14.2: Base functions ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Section 14.3: Extraction functions ............................................................................................................................... 36
Section 14.4: Calculation functions ............................................................................................................................. 37
Section 14.5: Conversion and Creation ...................................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 15: Data Types and Limits ................................................................................................................... 41
Section 15.1: Variant ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Section 15.2: Boolean .................................................................................................................................................. 42
Section 15.3: String ....................................................................................................................................................... 42
Section 15.4: Byte ......................................................................................................................................................... 43
Section 15.5: Currency ................................................................................................................................................. 44
Section 15.6: Decimal ................................................................................................................................................... 44
Section 15.7: Integer .................................................................................................................................................... 44
Section 15.8: Long ........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Section 15.9: Single ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
Section 15.10: Double ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Section 15.11: Date ........................................................................................................................................................ 45
Section 15.12: LongLong .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Section 15.13: LongPtr .................................................................................................................................................. 46
Chapter 16: Naming Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 47
Section 16.1: Variable Names ...................................................................................................................................... 47
Section 16.2: Procedure Names ................................................................................................................................. 50
Chapter 17: Data Structures ................................................................................................................................. 52
Section 17.1: Linked List ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Section 17.2: Binary Tree ............................................................................................................................................. 53
Chapter 18: Arrays ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
Section 18.1: Multidimensional Arrays ........................................................................................................................ 54
Section 18.2: Dynamic Arrays (Array Resizing and Dynamic Handling) ............................................................... 59
Section 18.3: Jagged Arrays (Arrays of Arrays) ...................................................................................................... 60
Section 18.4: Declaring an Array in VBA ................................................................................................................... 63
Section 18.5: Use of Split to create an array from a string ..................................................................................... 64
Section 18.6: Iterating elements of an array ............................................................................................................. 65
Chapter 19: Copying, returning and passing arrays ................................................................................. 67
Section 19.1: Passing Arrays to Proceedures ............................................................................................................ 67
Section 19.2: Copying Arrays ...................................................................................................................................... 67
Section 19.3: Returning Arrays from Functions ........................................................................................................ 69
,Chapter 20: Collections ............................................................................................................................................ 71
Section 20.1: Getting the Item Count of a Collection ............................................................................................... 71
Section 20.2: Determining if a Key or Item Exists in a Collection ........................................................................... 71
Section 20.3: Adding Items to a Collection ............................................................................................................... 72
Section 20.4: Removing Items From a Collection .................................................................................................... 73
Section 20.5: Retrieving Items From a Collection .................................................................................................... 74
Section 20.6: Clearing All Items From a Collection .................................................................................................. 75
Chapter 21: Operators .............................................................................................................................................. 77
Section 21.1: Concatenation Operators ..................................................................................................................... 77
Section 21.2: Comparison Operators ......................................................................................................................... 77
Section 21.3: Bitwise \ Logical Operators .................................................................................................................. 79
Section 21.4: Mathematical Operators ...................................................................................................................... 81
Chapter 22: Sorting .................................................................................................................................................... 82
Section 22.1: Algorithm Implementation - Quick Sort on a One-Dimensional Array ........................................... 82
Section 22.2: Using the Excel Library to Sort a One-Dimensional Array ............................................................... 82
Chapter 23: Flow control structures ................................................................................................................. 85
Section 23.1: For loop .................................................................................................................................................. 85
Section 23.2: Select Case ............................................................................................................................................ 86
Section 23.3: For Each loop ........................................................................................................................................ 87
Section 23.4: Do loop .................................................................................................................................................. 88
Section 23.5: While loop .............................................................................................................................................. 88
Chapter 24: Passing Arguments ByRef or ByVal ....................................................................................... 89
Section 24.1: Passing Simple Variables ByRef And ByVal ....................................................................................... 89
Section 24.2: ByRef ..................................................................................................................................................... 90
Section 24.3: ByVal ...................................................................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 25: Scripting.FileSystemObject ......................................................................................................... 93
Section 25.1: Retrieve only the path from a file path ............................................................................................... 93
Section 25.2: Retrieve just the extension from a file name .................................................................................... 93
Section 25.3: Recursively enumerate folders and files ........................................................................................... 93
Section 25.4: Strip file extension from a file name .................................................................................................. 94
Section 25.5: Enumerate files in a directory using FileSystemObject .................................................................... 94
Section 25.6: Creating a FileSystemObject ............................................................................................................... 95
Section 25.7: Reading a text file using a FileSystemObject .................................................................................... 95
Section 25.8: Creating a text file with FileSystemObject ......................................................................................... 96
Section 25.9: Using FSO.BuildPath to build a Full Path from folder path and file name ..................................... 96
Section 25.10: Writing to an existing file with FileSystemObject ............................................................................. 97
Chapter 26: Working With Files and Directories Without Using FileSystemObject .................. 98
Section 26.1: Determining If Folders and Files Exist ................................................................................................. 98
Section 26.2: Creating and Deleting File Folders ..................................................................................................... 99
Chapter 27: Reading 2GB+ files in binary in VBA and File Hashes .................................................. 100
Section 27.1: This have to be in a Class module, examples later referred as "Random" .................................. 100
Section 27.2: Code for Calculating File Hash in a Standard module ................................................................... 103
Section 27.3: Calculating all Files Hash from a root Folder .................................................................................. 105
Chapter 28: Creating a procedure ................................................................................................................... 109
Section 28.1: Introduction to procedures ................................................................................................................ 109
Section 28.2: Function With Examples .................................................................................................................... 109
Chapter 29: Procedure Calls ............................................................................................................................... 111
Section 29.1: This is confusing. Why not just always use parentheses? .............................................................. 111
Section 29.2: Implicit Call Syntax ............................................................................................................................. 111
, Section 29.3: Optional Arguments ........................................................................................................................... 112
Section 29.4: Explicit Call Syntax ............................................................................................................................. 112
Section 29.5: Return Values ..................................................................................................................................... 113
Chapter 30: Conditional Compilation ............................................................................................................. 114
Section 30.1: Changing code behavior at compile time ........................................................................................ 114
Section 30.2: Using Declare Imports that work on all versions of Oce ............................................................ 115
Chapter 31: Object-Oriented VBA ..................................................................................................................... 117
Section 31.1: Abstraction ............................................................................................................................................ 117
Section 31.2: Encapsulation ...................................................................................................................................... 117
Section 31.3: Polymorphism ...................................................................................................................................... 121
Chapter 32: Creating a Custom Class ............................................................................................................. 124
Section 32.1: Adding a Property to a Class ............................................................................................................. 124
Section 32.2: Class module scope, instancing and re-use .................................................................................... 125
Section 32.3: Adding Functionality to a Class ........................................................................................................ 125
Chapter 33: Interfaces ........................................................................................................................................... 127
Section 33.1: Multiple Interfaces in One Class - Flyable and Swimable ............................................................... 127
Section 33.2: Simple Interface - Flyable .................................................................................................................. 128
Chapter 34: Recursion ........................................................................................................................................... 130
Section 34.1: Factorials .............................................................................................................................................. 130
Section 34.2: Folder Recursion ................................................................................................................................. 130
Chapter 35: Events ................................................................................................................................................... 132
Section 35.1: Sources and Handlers ......................................................................................................................... 132
Section 35.2: Passing data back to the event source ........................................................................................... 134
Chapter 36: Scripting.Dictionary object ........................................................................................................ 136
Section 36.1: Properties and Methods ..................................................................................................................... 136
Chapter 37: Working with ADO .......................................................................................................................... 138
Section 37.1: Making a connection to a data source ............................................................................................. 138
Section 37.2: Creating parameterized commands ................................................................................................ 138
Section 37.3: Retrieving records with a query ........................................................................................................ 139
Section 37.4: Executing non-scalar functions ......................................................................................................... 141
Chapter 38: Attributes ............................................................................................................................................ 142
Section 38.1: VB_PredeclaredId ............................................................................................................................... 142
Section 38.2: VB_[Var]UserMemId ......................................................................................................................... 142
Section 38.3: VB_Exposed ........................................................................................................................................ 143
Section 38.4: VB_Description ................................................................................................................................... 144
Section 38.5: VB_Name ............................................................................................................................................ 144
Section 38.6: VB_GlobalNameSpace ...................................................................................................................... 144
Section 38.7: VB_Createable ................................................................................................................................... 145
Chapter 39: User Forms ......................................................................................................................................... 146
Section 39.1: Best Practices ...................................................................................................................................... 146
Section 39.2: Handling QueryClose ......................................................................................................................... 148
Chapter 40: CreateObject vs. GetObject ..................................................................................................... 150
Section 40.1: Demonstrating GetObject and CreateObject .................................................................................. 150
Chapter 41: Non-Latin Characters ................................................................................................................... 151
Section 41.1: Non-Latin Text in VBA Code ............................................................................................................... 151
Section 41.2: Non-Latin Identifiers and Language Coverage ............................................................................... 152
Chapter 42: API Calls .............................................................................................................................................. 153
Section 42.1: Mac APIs ............................................................................................................................................... 153
