Pakistan is acountry located in South Asia.Officialy known as "The lslanic
Republic of Pakistan", the country has the second-largest Muslim population in
Asia, succeeding Indonesia. Pakistan shares borders with The People's Republic
of China in the North-East, India in the East and South-East, Afghanistan in the
North and North-West and Iran in the VWest.
For the prosperity and development of a country,the country needs to have
cordialrelations with its neighbours and the rest of the world. Pakistan has
cordial relations with only two of itsfour neighbours, those neighbours being lran
and The People's Republic Of China. India and Afghanistan on the other hand do
not have cordial relations as many skirmishes took place between the three
countries.
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, SriLanka, Bhutan and Maldives were
once one country known as the Subcontinent. The British ruled over the
subcontinent for about 200 years,until Pakistan and India got their independence
in 1947. Countries like Sri Lanka,Bhutan and Maldives gained their
independence from the British in 1948,1949 and 1965 respectively. While Nepal
was the first country to gain independence from the British on 21st December
1923.
Pakistan and India never had cordial relations since the partition in 1947. Despite
having the same origin andsame history, the countries have ahostile and very
complex relationship. The first conflicts took place during the partition over the
state of Junagarh and the state of Kashmir. The state of Junagarh was a
princely state with a Hindu majority but a Muslim ruler. The ruler Mahabat Khan
agreed to be apart of Pakistan as the country wanted it to be in its domain. India
did not agree tothis as the state was a Hindumajority state it was 524
kilometres away from Sindh and was surrounded by Indian states. While
Pakistan argued that it had marine connections to it and that the ruler wanted to
be a part of Pakistan. Ultimately the state went to India.
The other ongoing conflict is that of Kashmir. Kashmir was a Muslim Majority
state ruled by a Hindu ruler named Maharaja Hari Singh. As Kashmir was a
princely state, it had a choice of either becoming a part of Pakistan or India or
remaining independent. Kashmir, knowing its potential, wanted to be
independent. Pakistan wanted Kashmir to be a pat of its domain, and since the
state was not shOwing any signs of siding with Pakistan, Pakistan invaded the
state and launched a military operation known as OPERATION GULMARG,in
, which 20,000 people, all from the tribal areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,were to
be sent to Kashmir from Abbottabad on October 18th 1947,
expecting to reach
Jammu by October 22nd 1947. The militia reached the city of Poonch at the
start of October 1947. The city along with the Kotli district of Mirpur,
border
posts at Saligram and Owen Pattan fell into the hands of the militia after being
under heavy siege on October 8th,1947. As the cities of Poonch and Mirpur
fell, the Maharaja called Nehru for aid as his people were being
Nehru put forth a condition to the Maharaja: to give India Kashmirslaughtered.
in exchange
for support. The Maharaja agreed to Nehru's condition and Nehru in return sent
help. Seeing India sending its troops to Kashmir, Mohammad Ali Jinnah ordered
Army Chief Douglas Gracey to move his troops to Kashmir but Field Marshal
Auchinleck ordered otherwise and ordered the troops to retreat. On 27th
October 1947, the FIRST WAR between Pakistan and India was initiated. After a
year, 2months and 2 weeks with India losing 1,104 soldiers having 3,154 injured
and Pakistan losing 6,000 soldiers and14,000 injured, India gained control of %
of Kashmir's total area whereas Pakistan got the remaining area. The
war ended
with the intervention of the United Nations (UN).
The relations between the countries were tense as India caused Pakistan
problems byeither closing the rivers, causing droughts or opening them during or
after monsoon rains, causing floods. To solve this problem, the Indus-Basin
Treaty was signed by both countries in 1960. Five years later, the second
Indo-Pak war was fought and that was again for Kashmir. Pakistan had assumed
that the people of Kashmir were not content with their ruler(India). During the
pre-war time, in January of 1965, Pakistani troops were patrolling the territory
under India. Both parties attacked each other's posts on April 8th, 1965.
Pakistan initiated OPERATION DESERT HAWK and captured Indian posts near
Kanjarkot Fort. Pakistan also launched OPERATION GIBRALTAR, to start an
insurgency in the state of Kashmir. Pakistan army personnel disguised as locals
attempted to start a revolt but failed as they were discovered by the locals and
the Indian Army had received information about the insurgents present in the
territory. Upon finding out, India deployed its military in Kashmir to defend it.
Pakistan launched its major offensive operation known as OPERATION GRAND
SLAM at 0500 hours on September 1st 1965, officially starting the second
Indo-Pak War. While the officials were occupied with Operation Grand Slam,
India saw an opening and attacked Pakistan through Punjab. The
seventeen-day war came to an end on September 23rd 1965. The war caused
lots of casualties and both countries witnessed the largest deployment of
Republic of Pakistan", the country has the second-largest Muslim population in
Asia, succeeding Indonesia. Pakistan shares borders with The People's Republic
of China in the North-East, India in the East and South-East, Afghanistan in the
North and North-West and Iran in the VWest.
For the prosperity and development of a country,the country needs to have
cordialrelations with its neighbours and the rest of the world. Pakistan has
cordial relations with only two of itsfour neighbours, those neighbours being lran
and The People's Republic Of China. India and Afghanistan on the other hand do
not have cordial relations as many skirmishes took place between the three
countries.
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, SriLanka, Bhutan and Maldives were
once one country known as the Subcontinent. The British ruled over the
subcontinent for about 200 years,until Pakistan and India got their independence
in 1947. Countries like Sri Lanka,Bhutan and Maldives gained their
independence from the British in 1948,1949 and 1965 respectively. While Nepal
was the first country to gain independence from the British on 21st December
1923.
Pakistan and India never had cordial relations since the partition in 1947. Despite
having the same origin andsame history, the countries have ahostile and very
complex relationship. The first conflicts took place during the partition over the
state of Junagarh and the state of Kashmir. The state of Junagarh was a
princely state with a Hindu majority but a Muslim ruler. The ruler Mahabat Khan
agreed to be apart of Pakistan as the country wanted it to be in its domain. India
did not agree tothis as the state was a Hindumajority state it was 524
kilometres away from Sindh and was surrounded by Indian states. While
Pakistan argued that it had marine connections to it and that the ruler wanted to
be a part of Pakistan. Ultimately the state went to India.
The other ongoing conflict is that of Kashmir. Kashmir was a Muslim Majority
state ruled by a Hindu ruler named Maharaja Hari Singh. As Kashmir was a
princely state, it had a choice of either becoming a part of Pakistan or India or
remaining independent. Kashmir, knowing its potential, wanted to be
independent. Pakistan wanted Kashmir to be a pat of its domain, and since the
state was not shOwing any signs of siding with Pakistan, Pakistan invaded the
state and launched a military operation known as OPERATION GULMARG,in
, which 20,000 people, all from the tribal areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,were to
be sent to Kashmir from Abbottabad on October 18th 1947,
expecting to reach
Jammu by October 22nd 1947. The militia reached the city of Poonch at the
start of October 1947. The city along with the Kotli district of Mirpur,
border
posts at Saligram and Owen Pattan fell into the hands of the militia after being
under heavy siege on October 8th,1947. As the cities of Poonch and Mirpur
fell, the Maharaja called Nehru for aid as his people were being
Nehru put forth a condition to the Maharaja: to give India Kashmirslaughtered.
in exchange
for support. The Maharaja agreed to Nehru's condition and Nehru in return sent
help. Seeing India sending its troops to Kashmir, Mohammad Ali Jinnah ordered
Army Chief Douglas Gracey to move his troops to Kashmir but Field Marshal
Auchinleck ordered otherwise and ordered the troops to retreat. On 27th
October 1947, the FIRST WAR between Pakistan and India was initiated. After a
year, 2months and 2 weeks with India losing 1,104 soldiers having 3,154 injured
and Pakistan losing 6,000 soldiers and14,000 injured, India gained control of %
of Kashmir's total area whereas Pakistan got the remaining area. The
war ended
with the intervention of the United Nations (UN).
The relations between the countries were tense as India caused Pakistan
problems byeither closing the rivers, causing droughts or opening them during or
after monsoon rains, causing floods. To solve this problem, the Indus-Basin
Treaty was signed by both countries in 1960. Five years later, the second
Indo-Pak war was fought and that was again for Kashmir. Pakistan had assumed
that the people of Kashmir were not content with their ruler(India). During the
pre-war time, in January of 1965, Pakistani troops were patrolling the territory
under India. Both parties attacked each other's posts on April 8th, 1965.
Pakistan initiated OPERATION DESERT HAWK and captured Indian posts near
Kanjarkot Fort. Pakistan also launched OPERATION GIBRALTAR, to start an
insurgency in the state of Kashmir. Pakistan army personnel disguised as locals
attempted to start a revolt but failed as they were discovered by the locals and
the Indian Army had received information about the insurgents present in the
territory. Upon finding out, India deployed its military in Kashmir to defend it.
Pakistan launched its major offensive operation known as OPERATION GRAND
SLAM at 0500 hours on September 1st 1965, officially starting the second
Indo-Pak War. While the officials were occupied with Operation Grand Slam,
India saw an opening and attacked Pakistan through Punjab. The
seventeen-day war came to an end on September 23rd 1965. The war caused
lots of casualties and both countries witnessed the largest deployment of
