NYLON: Synthese van Nylon-6, 10
Naam:
Doel:
Het Synthetiseren van Nylon-6, 10
Overall reactie:
Reactiemechanisme:
Benodigdheden:
Balans
Bekerglas
Pincet
Maatcilinder
Benodigde chemicaliën:
Sebacoylchloride
Tetrachloorethyleen
Hexamethylenediamide (diaminohexaan)
50% waterige ethanol
1
, Originele voorschrift:
1. Add a solution of 3.0 ml (0.014 mol) of sebacoyl chloride dissolved in 100 ml of
anhydrous tetrachloroethylene as received (see Note 1) to a tall-form beaker.
2. Carefully pour a solution of 4.4 g (0.038 mol) of hexamethylenediamine (see Note 2)
dissolved in 50 ml of water over this acid chloride solution.
3. Grasp the poly amide film that begins to form at the interface of these two solutions
with tweezers or a glass rod and slowly pull it out of the beaker in a continuous fashion.
Stop the process when one of the reactants becomes depleted.
4. Wash the resulting "rope"-like polymer with 50% aqueous ethanol or acetone, dry, and
weigh to afford 3.16-3.56 g (80-90%) yields of polyamide, r/inh = 0.4-1.8 (m-cresol, 0.5%
cone, at 25°C), m.p. 215°C (soluble in formic acid (see Note 3).
1. The organic solvent is the most important variable as it controls partition and diffusion
of the reactants between the two immiscible phases, the reaction rate, solubility, and
swelling of permeability of the growing polymer. The solvent should be of such
composition so as to prevent precipitation of the polymer before a high molecular weight
has been attained. The final polymer should not dissolve in the solvent. The type of
solvent will influence the characteristics of the physical state of the final polymer.
Solvents such as chlorinated or aromatic hydrocarbons make useful solvents in this
system. Concentrations in the range of approximately 5% polymer based on the
combined weights of water and organic solvent usually are optimum. Concentrations too
low may lead to hydrolysis of the acid halide and concentrations too high may cause
excessive swelhng of the solvent in the polymer. In some cases the addition of 0.2-1% of
sodium lauryl sulfate has been found to give satisfactory results. In many cases it may
not be necessary. The reactants should be pure but need not be distilled prior to use. A
slight excess (5-10%) of diamine usually helps produce higher molecular weights. The
advantage of the interfacial polymerization process is that it is a lowtemperature process
requiring ordinary equipment. It also allows one to prepare those polyamides that are
unstable in the melt polymerization process. Random or block polymers can be prepared
easily depending on the reactivity of the reactants and their mixing (consecutively versus
all at once.)
2. In this experiment, excess diamine is used to act as an acid acceptor.
3. The student should determine both the viscosity and the melting point of the polymer.
Sandler, Stanley R., et al. Polymer Synthesis and Characterization : A Laboratory
Manual, Elsevier Science & Technology, 1998. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/hogeschoolutrecht-ebooks/detail.action?
docID=317053.
Created from hogeschoolutrecht-ebooks on 2023-02-21 11:48:40.
Werkwijze & planning:
11:00 – 11:10 Oplossing van 1,1g diaminohexaan in 12,5ml maken
11:10 – 11:20 Voeg 3,0ml sabacoylchloride toe aan een maatcilinder en vul aan tot
100ml met Tetrachloorethyleen. Giet dit over in een hoog bekerglas.
11:20 – 11:25 Giet hier voorzichtig de diaminohexaan oplossing overheen
11:25 – 11:35 Er vormt een polyamide film op het grensvlak, pak dit met een pincet en
haal dit voorzichtig uit het bekerglas.
11:35 – 11:50 Was het touwachtige polymeer met 50% ethanol oplossing, droog m.b.v
2
Naam:
Doel:
Het Synthetiseren van Nylon-6, 10
Overall reactie:
Reactiemechanisme:
Benodigdheden:
Balans
Bekerglas
Pincet
Maatcilinder
Benodigde chemicaliën:
Sebacoylchloride
Tetrachloorethyleen
Hexamethylenediamide (diaminohexaan)
50% waterige ethanol
1
, Originele voorschrift:
1. Add a solution of 3.0 ml (0.014 mol) of sebacoyl chloride dissolved in 100 ml of
anhydrous tetrachloroethylene as received (see Note 1) to a tall-form beaker.
2. Carefully pour a solution of 4.4 g (0.038 mol) of hexamethylenediamine (see Note 2)
dissolved in 50 ml of water over this acid chloride solution.
3. Grasp the poly amide film that begins to form at the interface of these two solutions
with tweezers or a glass rod and slowly pull it out of the beaker in a continuous fashion.
Stop the process when one of the reactants becomes depleted.
4. Wash the resulting "rope"-like polymer with 50% aqueous ethanol or acetone, dry, and
weigh to afford 3.16-3.56 g (80-90%) yields of polyamide, r/inh = 0.4-1.8 (m-cresol, 0.5%
cone, at 25°C), m.p. 215°C (soluble in formic acid (see Note 3).
1. The organic solvent is the most important variable as it controls partition and diffusion
of the reactants between the two immiscible phases, the reaction rate, solubility, and
swelling of permeability of the growing polymer. The solvent should be of such
composition so as to prevent precipitation of the polymer before a high molecular weight
has been attained. The final polymer should not dissolve in the solvent. The type of
solvent will influence the characteristics of the physical state of the final polymer.
Solvents such as chlorinated or aromatic hydrocarbons make useful solvents in this
system. Concentrations in the range of approximately 5% polymer based on the
combined weights of water and organic solvent usually are optimum. Concentrations too
low may lead to hydrolysis of the acid halide and concentrations too high may cause
excessive swelhng of the solvent in the polymer. In some cases the addition of 0.2-1% of
sodium lauryl sulfate has been found to give satisfactory results. In many cases it may
not be necessary. The reactants should be pure but need not be distilled prior to use. A
slight excess (5-10%) of diamine usually helps produce higher molecular weights. The
advantage of the interfacial polymerization process is that it is a lowtemperature process
requiring ordinary equipment. It also allows one to prepare those polyamides that are
unstable in the melt polymerization process. Random or block polymers can be prepared
easily depending on the reactivity of the reactants and their mixing (consecutively versus
all at once.)
2. In this experiment, excess diamine is used to act as an acid acceptor.
3. The student should determine both the viscosity and the melting point of the polymer.
Sandler, Stanley R., et al. Polymer Synthesis and Characterization : A Laboratory
Manual, Elsevier Science & Technology, 1998. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/hogeschoolutrecht-ebooks/detail.action?
docID=317053.
Created from hogeschoolutrecht-ebooks on 2023-02-21 11:48:40.
Werkwijze & planning:
11:00 – 11:10 Oplossing van 1,1g diaminohexaan in 12,5ml maken
11:10 – 11:20 Voeg 3,0ml sabacoylchloride toe aan een maatcilinder en vul aan tot
100ml met Tetrachloorethyleen. Giet dit over in een hoog bekerglas.
11:20 – 11:25 Giet hier voorzichtig de diaminohexaan oplossing overheen
11:25 – 11:35 Er vormt een polyamide film op het grensvlak, pak dit met een pincet en
haal dit voorzichtig uit het bekerglas.
11:35 – 11:50 Was het touwachtige polymeer met 50% ethanol oplossing, droog m.b.v
2
