The Sense Organs and Integument
• Various end-organs or sensory receptors
receive information and transmit to the
CNS;
• Receptors in organs of special sense are
modified in accordance with the type of
stimuli they receive;
• Eye – sight
• Ear – hearing
• Nose – smell
• Tongue – taste
• Skin – touch, pressure, heat, cold, pain
, The Eye, Orbit, and Adnexa
The vertebrate eye (oculus) or organ of sight
(organum visus) is located within the
orbit;
Associated accessory structures suspend
and cushion the eye;
• Extraocular muscles (musculi bulbi)
• Conjunctiva (tunica conjuctiva)
• Palpebral ligaments (ligamenta palpebrae)
• Periorbital fat (corpus adiposum orbitae)
, The Eye, Orbit, and Adnexa
The eyelids (palpebrae) – upper (dorsal) and lower
(ventral)
Integumentary curtains which protect the anterior
surface of the eyeball;
They exclude light from the eye;
They contain auxilliary glands which supplement the
fluids from the larger orbital glands;
In addition to upper and lower, third eyelid in most
animals; in man has become vestigial plica
semilunaris conjunctivae;
The upper and lower eyelids converge and join to
form the medial and lateral angles or canthi
(angulus oculi medialis et lateralis)
, The Eye, Orbit, and Adnexa
• Palpebral fissure – interval between open eyelids;
• Outer (cutaneous) surface of eyelids – covered with normal
hair-bearing skin;
• Inner surface of eyelids – covered by thin mucous membrane
or modified fascial sheath – Conjunctiva;
• Conjunctiva consists of two parts:
– Bulbar or ocular conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva bulbi) –
covers the anterior part of the eyeball except the cornea;
– Palpebral conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum) – lines
the inner surface of the lids;
• Conjunctival sac – partially enclosed potential space between
the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae;
• Various end-organs or sensory receptors
receive information and transmit to the
CNS;
• Receptors in organs of special sense are
modified in accordance with the type of
stimuli they receive;
• Eye – sight
• Ear – hearing
• Nose – smell
• Tongue – taste
• Skin – touch, pressure, heat, cold, pain
, The Eye, Orbit, and Adnexa
The vertebrate eye (oculus) or organ of sight
(organum visus) is located within the
orbit;
Associated accessory structures suspend
and cushion the eye;
• Extraocular muscles (musculi bulbi)
• Conjunctiva (tunica conjuctiva)
• Palpebral ligaments (ligamenta palpebrae)
• Periorbital fat (corpus adiposum orbitae)
, The Eye, Orbit, and Adnexa
The eyelids (palpebrae) – upper (dorsal) and lower
(ventral)
Integumentary curtains which protect the anterior
surface of the eyeball;
They exclude light from the eye;
They contain auxilliary glands which supplement the
fluids from the larger orbital glands;
In addition to upper and lower, third eyelid in most
animals; in man has become vestigial plica
semilunaris conjunctivae;
The upper and lower eyelids converge and join to
form the medial and lateral angles or canthi
(angulus oculi medialis et lateralis)
, The Eye, Orbit, and Adnexa
• Palpebral fissure – interval between open eyelids;
• Outer (cutaneous) surface of eyelids – covered with normal
hair-bearing skin;
• Inner surface of eyelids – covered by thin mucous membrane
or modified fascial sheath – Conjunctiva;
• Conjunctiva consists of two parts:
– Bulbar or ocular conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva bulbi) –
covers the anterior part of the eyeball except the cornea;
– Palpebral conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum) – lines
the inner surface of the lids;
• Conjunctival sac – partially enclosed potential space between
the palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae;
