WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Nutrition ✔✔provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition ✔✔implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur
even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition ✔✔an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa ✔✔literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this
is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation,
food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles
in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia ✔✔characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of
food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting,
abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
,Binge eating disorder (BED) ✔✔episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating
large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after
overeating.
Obesity ✔✔15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension,
heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals ✔✔inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base
neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals ✔✔needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
,• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals ✔✔required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium,
copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) ✔✔protect the body against heart disease. Often
called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) ✔✔most cholesterol in the blood is of this type.
Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty
deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins ✔✔large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is
transported
Antioxidants ✔✔slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals
produced during oxidation reactions
, Oxidation reactions ✔✔the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an
electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively
charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively
charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) ✔✔any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because
electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an
effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates ✔✔produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which
consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein ✔✔produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed
of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids.
Perform many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and
fighting infection.
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Nutrition ✔✔provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutrition ✔✔implies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This can occur
even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutrition ✔✔an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa ✔✔literally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person with this
is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. Self-starvation,
food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an absence of menstrual cycles
in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia ✔✔characterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large amounts of
food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through self-induced vomiting,
abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
,Binge eating disorder (BED) ✔✔episodes of binge eating characterized by eating rapidly, eating
large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed after
overeating.
Obesity ✔✔15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension,
heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals ✔✔inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base
neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals ✔✔needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
,• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals ✔✔required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium,
copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) ✔✔protect the body against heart disease. Often
called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) ✔✔most cholesterol in the blood is of this type.
Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fatty
deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Lipoproteins ✔✔large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is
transported
Antioxidants ✔✔slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free radicals
produced during oxidation reactions
, Oxidation reactions ✔✔the energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen atom adds an
electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or complete loss of a negatively
charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively
charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) ✔✔any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron. Because
electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates in an
effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates ✔✔produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as monosaccharides,
disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta, and rice which
consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein ✔✔produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk. Composed
of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids.
Perform many functions including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and
fighting infection.
