Educational Psychology and
Measurement Exam 2 Questions &
Answers 2023/2024
Culture - ANSWER-refers to the knowledge, rules, traditions, and attitudes that guide behavior in a
particular group of people.
Social class and cultural difference - ANSWER-Social class is one of the best predictors of cultural
differences. Ethnicity, gender, and level of intellectual functioning are variables that contribute to
cultural differences, but social class remains the strongest predictor of academic achievement.
Identify some of the factors that may lead low-income students to perform less well in school than
middle-income students with the same abilities. - ANSWER-Factors that may lead low-income students
to perform less successfully in school include the following: poor health; limited resources, low self-
esteem; learned helplessness, resistance cultures (rejects middle class); tracking practices; child rearing
practices that do not promote independent thinking and low expectations.
Resistance cultures - ANSWER-Rejects middle class
Tracking - ANSWER-child rearing practices that do not promote independent thinking and low
expectations.
Ethnic groups and cognitive abilities - ANSWER-teachers assume
Outcomes of Brown vs. Board of Education - ANSWER-a landmark United States Supreme Court case in
which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to
be unconstitutional.
Prejudice - ANSWER-has to do with the inflexible and irrational attitudes and opinions held by members
of one group about another
usually means having preconceived beliefs about groups of people or cultural practices.
, discrimination - ANSWER-refers to behaviors directed against another group
stereotype threat - ANSWER-which is the extra emotional and cognitive burden that a student of a
minority group may experience when feeling apprehensive about confirming a stereotype.
Stereotyping and stereotype threat - ANSWER-This burden can induce a student's test anxiety and
undermine their academic performance Woolfolk suggests the strategies teachers use for decreasing
test anxiety (i.e., no time limit for exams; the belief that intelligence can be improved, etc.) can help
students resist stereotype threat.
Gender differences in schools - ANSWER-occurs when males and females are treated differently, mainly
due to stereotypes ascribed to each sex
Example of Gender Biass - ANSWER-male infants are treated more physically by parents whereas female
infants are protected more. In general, males are encouraged to become more independent, females
dependent. At school, textbooks frequently portray females in roles that depict them as passive or
domestic.
example of gender bias in schools - ANSWER-Teachers are more likely to verbally interact with males and
assign them more active classroom responsibilities. Expectancies to do well in math and science are
more likely to be conveyed to males than to females.
Resilient students - ANSWER-students taking educational risks within the classroom... If we as teachers
let our students see us take risks even when failure may very well be the outcome, they will feel safe to
take risks themselves, knowing they can always try again if they don't "get it right" the first time. In
modeling resilience as teachers, we inadvertently create a genuinely safe environment in which students
feel comfortable with the trial and error aspect of learning, and we begin to earn the trust of our
students.
Behavioral views of learning - ANSWER-when *experience* causes a
relatively permanent change in behavior and knowledge.
Definition of learning - ANSWER-
Measurement Exam 2 Questions &
Answers 2023/2024
Culture - ANSWER-refers to the knowledge, rules, traditions, and attitudes that guide behavior in a
particular group of people.
Social class and cultural difference - ANSWER-Social class is one of the best predictors of cultural
differences. Ethnicity, gender, and level of intellectual functioning are variables that contribute to
cultural differences, but social class remains the strongest predictor of academic achievement.
Identify some of the factors that may lead low-income students to perform less well in school than
middle-income students with the same abilities. - ANSWER-Factors that may lead low-income students
to perform less successfully in school include the following: poor health; limited resources, low self-
esteem; learned helplessness, resistance cultures (rejects middle class); tracking practices; child rearing
practices that do not promote independent thinking and low expectations.
Resistance cultures - ANSWER-Rejects middle class
Tracking - ANSWER-child rearing practices that do not promote independent thinking and low
expectations.
Ethnic groups and cognitive abilities - ANSWER-teachers assume
Outcomes of Brown vs. Board of Education - ANSWER-a landmark United States Supreme Court case in
which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to
be unconstitutional.
Prejudice - ANSWER-has to do with the inflexible and irrational attitudes and opinions held by members
of one group about another
usually means having preconceived beliefs about groups of people or cultural practices.
, discrimination - ANSWER-refers to behaviors directed against another group
stereotype threat - ANSWER-which is the extra emotional and cognitive burden that a student of a
minority group may experience when feeling apprehensive about confirming a stereotype.
Stereotyping and stereotype threat - ANSWER-This burden can induce a student's test anxiety and
undermine their academic performance Woolfolk suggests the strategies teachers use for decreasing
test anxiety (i.e., no time limit for exams; the belief that intelligence can be improved, etc.) can help
students resist stereotype threat.
Gender differences in schools - ANSWER-occurs when males and females are treated differently, mainly
due to stereotypes ascribed to each sex
Example of Gender Biass - ANSWER-male infants are treated more physically by parents whereas female
infants are protected more. In general, males are encouraged to become more independent, females
dependent. At school, textbooks frequently portray females in roles that depict them as passive or
domestic.
example of gender bias in schools - ANSWER-Teachers are more likely to verbally interact with males and
assign them more active classroom responsibilities. Expectancies to do well in math and science are
more likely to be conveyed to males than to females.
Resilient students - ANSWER-students taking educational risks within the classroom... If we as teachers
let our students see us take risks even when failure may very well be the outcome, they will feel safe to
take risks themselves, knowing they can always try again if they don't "get it right" the first time. In
modeling resilience as teachers, we inadvertently create a genuinely safe environment in which students
feel comfortable with the trial and error aspect of learning, and we begin to earn the trust of our
students.
Behavioral views of learning - ANSWER-when *experience* causes a
relatively permanent change in behavior and knowledge.
Definition of learning - ANSWER-
