Test Bank for Holes Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 11th Edition Shier

1. All of the food that we eat, liquids that we drink and medications that we take are A. chemical s. B. vitamin s. C. protein s. D. nucleic acids. E. carbohydrat es. 2. Understanding is essential for understanding anatomy and physiology because body structures and functions result from chemical changes. 3. Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition of matter. True False 4. Which of the following substances is not an element? A. Iro n B. Oxyge n C. Wate r D. Carbo n E. Hydroge n 5. Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. True False 6. is defined as anything that has weight and takes up space. 7. All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called . 8. All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called . A. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen B. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, calcium C. carbon, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen D. carbon, hydrogen, selenium, sodium E. sodium, calcium, nitrogen, selenium 9. An element with an atomic number of 6 contains 12 protons. True False 10. At present, there are 90 known naturally occurring . 11. Which of the following is the number of elements living organisms require? A. 1 0 B. 1 5 C. 2 0 D. 9 0 E. 14 4 12. The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus. True False 13. The atomic of an atom of an element equals the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. 14. The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element is called the element's atomic . 15. Each element is composed of characteristic tiny particles called . 16. The parts of an atom that lack an electrical charge are called . 17. When atoms combine with other atoms, interactions occur between their shells. 18. The electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called A. bond s. B. shell s. C. region s. D. ions . E. nucle i. 19. The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determine its A. shap e. B. weigh t. C. chemical behavior. D. mass . E. atomic number. 20. The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of A. electron s. B. proton s. C. neutron s. D. nucle i. E. electron shells. 21. Sodium and chloride ions readily combine because they have opposite charges. True False 22. An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion. True False 23. Atoms that gain or lose electrons become electrically charged and are called . 24. The type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons is called . 25. The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of A. 1 electron. B. 2 electrons. C. 4 electrons. D. 8 electrons. E. 16 electrons. 26. A covalent bond is formed by two atoms that share electrons. True False 27. The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present. True False 28. The formula H2O means A. an atom contains 2 hydrogen molecules and 1 oxygen molecule. B. an atom contains 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen molecules. C. a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. D. a molecule contains 1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms. E. a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and no oxygen atoms. 29. If two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond. True False 30. The type of chemical bond formed when ions with opposite electrical charges are attracted to one another is called . 31. The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a(an) A. ionic bond. B. double bond. C. triple bond. D. hydrogen bond. E. covalent bond. 32. When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a molecule. True False 33. When atoms of different elements bond, they form molecules called . 34. A molecule of a compound always contains definite kinds and numbers of atoms. True False 35. Water is an example of a compound. True False 36. A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule. True False 37. A formula shows how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules. 38. If the bonds of a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form, the reaction is an exchange reaction. True False 39. A reaction is symbolized as A+B→AB. 40. A reaction is symbolized as AB→A+B. 41. A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions is called a(an) reaction. A. decompositi on B. exchang e C. reversibl e D. synthes is E. irreversib le 42. When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product) the reaction is called synthesis. True False 43. The opposite of a decomposition reaction is called a reaction. 44. A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as . A. A+B→C+ D B. A+B→A B C. AB→A+ B D. C+D→A B E. AB + CD → AC + BD 45. A pH value indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, including body fluids. True False 46. pH is a measure of ion concentration. 47. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. True False 48. A pH of is the midpoint of the pH scale and signifies equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. 49. A solution that contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions is . 50. Which term describes a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions? A. Basi c B. Neutr al C. Low pH D. Acidi c E. None of the above 51. Each whole number on the pH scale represents a - fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. A. 1 5 B. 10 0 C. 2 0 D. 1 0 E. 2 52. As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH number A. gets . B. gets smaller. C. stays the same. D. becomes negative. E. approaches 14. 53. A solution that has a pH of 6 has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of A. 7 . B. 5 . C. 8 . D. 2 . E. 0.6 . 54. A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base. True False 55. An is defined as a substance that ionizes in water. 56. An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. True False 57. A person has alkalosis if the blood pH A. rises above 7.0. B. drops below 7.0. C. rises above 7.4. D. drops below 7.4. E. steadily decreases. 58. As a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called A. acids . B. bases . C. salts . D. electrolyte s. E. solvent s. 59. Chemicals that resist changes in pH are called A. buffer s. B. electrolyte s. C. acids . D. bases . E. none of the above.