General Biology I (BIO 181) Exam2

MOD 9:
Specifically where in a cell does the citric acid/Kreb’s cycle occur?: Mitochondrial Matrix
The cell does not need ATP to survive. FALSE
The citric acid/Kreb’s cycle breaks down carbohydrates into CO2. TRUE
Glycolysis requires the investment of two_________ in order to obtain a gross output of four
________ . ATPs
FADH2 results as one of the products of the citric acid cycle. TRUE
Specifically in a cell where does Glycolysis occur? Cytoplasm
Where is carbon dioxide produced? Mitochondrial Matrix
MOD 10:
When a B cell is shown an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein
it will go through ______________ ______________ and B cells subsequently can become
______________ and/or ______________ ______________.
blast transformation, plasma cells, memory cells
Mast cells release histamine. TRUE
The humoral immune system involves cells in the immune system. TRUE
Natural killer cells are part of the specific immune system. FALSE
When immune cells mature and can recognize trans-membrane proteins indicating “self”, this is
called ______________. Tolerance
Red blood cells originate from the bone marrow. TRUE
How does the lymph fluid return from the legs to the circulatory system? Left lymphatic duct.
Flexing the muscles help "push" the fluid up the vessels against gravity with the help of one way
valves in the ducts that prevent back flow.
Does gravity have a role in some part of the lymphatic fluid flow back to the circulatory system?
YES




Lymph nodes are a place where cells of the immune system accumulate and share information.
TRUE
Inflammation is caused by an increased blood supply due to ______________ released by some
cells of the immune system. Histamine
Memory cells “remember” the antigen and make a faster and greater response the next time the
antigen is encountered. TRUE

, Lymph nodes are a place where cells of the immune system accumulate and share information.
TRUE
Inflammation is caused by an increased blood supply due to ______________ released by some
cells of the immune system. Histamine
Memory cells “remember” the antigen and make a faster and greater response the next time the
antigen is encountered. TRUE
Bone marrow is a site where mature immune cells are found. FALSE
A bacterium coated by antibodies is a signal that a macrophage should endocytose (eat) it TRUE
Lymphatic tissue is composed of the following five components.spleen, thymus, bone marrow,
lymph duct, lymph nodes
B and T cells are called lymphocytes: TRUE
Any cell can present an antigen on a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein
TRUE
Any cell can present an antigen on a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein.
TRUE
There are times when the spleen can be considered to be the primary lymph node. TRUE
In 1 mL of blood, there are 1.5 million white blood cells FALSE
Red blood cells are a part of the immune system FALSE
A bacterium coated by antibodies is a signal that a macrophage should endocytose (eat) it TRUE
If a macrophage endocytoses (i.e., eats) an antigen it can digest it and present it on a
______________ Major histocompatibility complex protein to a ______________.
t cell receptor, epitope
Memory cells “remember” the antigen and make a faster and greater response the next time the
antigen is encountered. TRUE




In the lecture we discussed normal flora, this refers to: Bacteria and fungi on the surface of the
body that compete against pathogens
MOD 11
The molecular seal that serves as the barrier is called a _____________ _____________. While
this is a good barrier, such barriers are not very strong and must be underlined by
_____________ _____________. Tight Junctions, Adhering Junctions
Adh i j ti b d t diff tt f t k l t fil t t N