AP Psych Review Video 2.6
The Brain
Directions: Visit the AP Psych page on YouTube and watch Video
2.6. This lesson reviews content from Unit
2 and Myers 2e Book Unit 3. Complete the guided viewing notes and exit ticket to receive credit for today’s
assignment.
2020 Exam Overview
The first few minutes of the lesson are reviewing the format and expectations for this year’s FRQ-based exam.
FRQ Review Last Lesson:
Double Blind Study Antagonist Acetylcholine
Definition & Application: The Definition & Application: Definition & Application: ACh is a
researchers use a double blind Researchers are testing a new neurotransmitter responsible for
method, so neither they nor drug to treat schizophrenia that muscle contraction, learning, and
participants realize who is works as a dopamine antagonist memory that is present in both the
receiving the treatment. Such by binding to receptor site and central and peripheral nervous
reduces the potential impact of thus preventing the transmission systems. Researchers interested
confounding variables, such as of natural dopamine. This was in creating a drug for individuals
researcher bias. designed because symptoms of w/Alzheimer’s would want to find
schizophrenia are often the result medications that repair/increase
of excess dopamine, and the drug effectiveness of ACh to counteract
will reduce transmission of this memory loss symptoms connected
neurotransmitter. to damage of these cells
PET Blood-Brain Barrier Myelin Sheath
Definition & Application: Definition & Application: The BBB Definition & Application: Myelin,
Researchers would use a PET is a semi-permeable network of which is a fatty layer of tissue
scan to detect the presence of cells in the lining of capillaries of surrounding axons of some
Multiple Sclerosis by identifying the brain that prevents many neurons that insulates and
damage to myelin as a method to harmful substances from entering. accelerates the messages, is
test if the new medication was Subsequently, researchers produced by glial cells. BEcause
effective. The PET would track working to treat brain diseases like Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that
use of radioactively tagged Parkinson’s must create drugs attacks and destroys the myelin
glucose that was injected into capable of crossing BBB, so they sheath, researchers may focus on
blood of participants to identify can address brain problems. drugs that help glial cells produce
damaged cells. myelin.
How Did You Do? Pretty well
Subdivisions of the Brain:
Major Brain Areas 1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain
Hindbrain/Brainstem Cerebellum Balance, fine motor coordination, procedural memories
Structure & Function
Thalamus (FB) Sensor relay station of the brain; info from all senses (except
smell) sent first to thalamus, thalamus then sends it to other
parts of brain (visual to occipital, sounds to temporal, touch to
somatosensory cortex in parietal lobe, etc)
Medulla Vital functions, such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure,
reflexes like sneezing/vomiting
Pons Sleep, bridge connecting cerebellum to cortex, coordinates
l t t l t dt f i l i
, Major Brain Areas 1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain
Hindbrain/Brainstem Cerebellum Balance, fine motor coordination, procedural memories
Structure & Function
Thalamus (FB) Sensor relay station of the brain; info from all senses (except
smell) sent first to thalamus, thalamus then sends it to other
parts of brain (visual to occipital, sounds to temporal, touch to
somatosensory cortex in parietal lobe, etc)
Medulla Vital functions, such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure,
reflexes like sneezing/vomiting
Pons Sleep, bridge connecting cerebellum to cortex, coordinates
voluntary movements, related to facial expressions
Reticular Network of fibers running thru brainstem, related to arousal to
Formation stimuli
Forebrain Structure & Thalamus see above ^
Function
Limbic System Donut shaped group of structures including hippocampus,
amygdala, and hypothalamus
Hippocampus memory/learning/emotion/drives
Amygdala Hippocampus-learning and memory, where you create new
explicit memories (memory is encoded, not stored)
Hypothalamus
Amygdala- strong emotions (fear and aggression), 2 almond
shaped
Hypothalamus- maintenance functions, hunger drive, thirst,
stable internal body temp, controls pituitary gland
Pituitary Gland Endocrine gland located below cortex and below
hypothalamus
Cerebrum Cortex Wrinkled outer layer
(4 Lobes)
Hemispheres Left and right
Frontal Lobes Higher-level thought, language, planning, strip that controls
voluntary movement
Parietal Lobes Processing somatic/touch sensory info, strip that controls
sense of touch
Occipital Lobes Visual processing
Temporal Auditory processing, right side associated w/recognizing faces
Lobes
“Contralateral Control” Cortex Areas Motor Cortex (Output) Sensory Cortex (Input)
CNS is organized such Somatosensory Right hemisphere section Parietal lobe
that each hemisphere is and motor controls body’s left side Left hemisphere section
responsible for receives input from body’s
movements/sensations right side
of opposite sides of bodu
*FRQ “Touch” Hint Be specific when talking about touch (voluntary movement or somatosensory
cortex touch)
Homunculus: Model that shows proportion of motor cortex dedicated to moving each body part
and of sensory cortex dedicated to touch sensation for each part of the body is
The Brain
Directions: Visit the AP Psych page on YouTube and watch Video
2.6. This lesson reviews content from Unit
2 and Myers 2e Book Unit 3. Complete the guided viewing notes and exit ticket to receive credit for today’s
assignment.
2020 Exam Overview
The first few minutes of the lesson are reviewing the format and expectations for this year’s FRQ-based exam.
FRQ Review Last Lesson:
Double Blind Study Antagonist Acetylcholine
Definition & Application: The Definition & Application: Definition & Application: ACh is a
researchers use a double blind Researchers are testing a new neurotransmitter responsible for
method, so neither they nor drug to treat schizophrenia that muscle contraction, learning, and
participants realize who is works as a dopamine antagonist memory that is present in both the
receiving the treatment. Such by binding to receptor site and central and peripheral nervous
reduces the potential impact of thus preventing the transmission systems. Researchers interested
confounding variables, such as of natural dopamine. This was in creating a drug for individuals
researcher bias. designed because symptoms of w/Alzheimer’s would want to find
schizophrenia are often the result medications that repair/increase
of excess dopamine, and the drug effectiveness of ACh to counteract
will reduce transmission of this memory loss symptoms connected
neurotransmitter. to damage of these cells
PET Blood-Brain Barrier Myelin Sheath
Definition & Application: Definition & Application: The BBB Definition & Application: Myelin,
Researchers would use a PET is a semi-permeable network of which is a fatty layer of tissue
scan to detect the presence of cells in the lining of capillaries of surrounding axons of some
Multiple Sclerosis by identifying the brain that prevents many neurons that insulates and
damage to myelin as a method to harmful substances from entering. accelerates the messages, is
test if the new medication was Subsequently, researchers produced by glial cells. BEcause
effective. The PET would track working to treat brain diseases like Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that
use of radioactively tagged Parkinson’s must create drugs attacks and destroys the myelin
glucose that was injected into capable of crossing BBB, so they sheath, researchers may focus on
blood of participants to identify can address brain problems. drugs that help glial cells produce
damaged cells. myelin.
How Did You Do? Pretty well
Subdivisions of the Brain:
Major Brain Areas 1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain
Hindbrain/Brainstem Cerebellum Balance, fine motor coordination, procedural memories
Structure & Function
Thalamus (FB) Sensor relay station of the brain; info from all senses (except
smell) sent first to thalamus, thalamus then sends it to other
parts of brain (visual to occipital, sounds to temporal, touch to
somatosensory cortex in parietal lobe, etc)
Medulla Vital functions, such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure,
reflexes like sneezing/vomiting
Pons Sleep, bridge connecting cerebellum to cortex, coordinates
l t t l t dt f i l i
, Major Brain Areas 1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain
Hindbrain/Brainstem Cerebellum Balance, fine motor coordination, procedural memories
Structure & Function
Thalamus (FB) Sensor relay station of the brain; info from all senses (except
smell) sent first to thalamus, thalamus then sends it to other
parts of brain (visual to occipital, sounds to temporal, touch to
somatosensory cortex in parietal lobe, etc)
Medulla Vital functions, such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure,
reflexes like sneezing/vomiting
Pons Sleep, bridge connecting cerebellum to cortex, coordinates
voluntary movements, related to facial expressions
Reticular Network of fibers running thru brainstem, related to arousal to
Formation stimuli
Forebrain Structure & Thalamus see above ^
Function
Limbic System Donut shaped group of structures including hippocampus,
amygdala, and hypothalamus
Hippocampus memory/learning/emotion/drives
Amygdala Hippocampus-learning and memory, where you create new
explicit memories (memory is encoded, not stored)
Hypothalamus
Amygdala- strong emotions (fear and aggression), 2 almond
shaped
Hypothalamus- maintenance functions, hunger drive, thirst,
stable internal body temp, controls pituitary gland
Pituitary Gland Endocrine gland located below cortex and below
hypothalamus
Cerebrum Cortex Wrinkled outer layer
(4 Lobes)
Hemispheres Left and right
Frontal Lobes Higher-level thought, language, planning, strip that controls
voluntary movement
Parietal Lobes Processing somatic/touch sensory info, strip that controls
sense of touch
Occipital Lobes Visual processing
Temporal Auditory processing, right side associated w/recognizing faces
Lobes
“Contralateral Control” Cortex Areas Motor Cortex (Output) Sensory Cortex (Input)
CNS is organized such Somatosensory Right hemisphere section Parietal lobe
that each hemisphere is and motor controls body’s left side Left hemisphere section
responsible for receives input from body’s
movements/sensations right side
of opposite sides of bodu
*FRQ “Touch” Hint Be specific when talking about touch (voluntary movement or somatosensory
cortex touch)
Homunculus: Model that shows proportion of motor cortex dedicated to moving each body part
and of sensory cortex dedicated to touch sensation for each part of the body is
