Hondros Bio 253 Final Exam (New
chapters Only!) 2023 (The final exam at
hondros is comprehensive, but about
40% is new information. this will cover
that information. Chapters 42, 43, 44)
Urinary system Answer - funnnn..
urinary system functions Answer - regulate homeostasis of body fluid- water and ph
regulation
-waste excretion
-ph regulation
-vit d sythesis
-epo
organs of the urinary system Answer - kidneys-primary organs
-ureters
-urinary bladder
-urethra
shape size and location (medial side) Answer - -approx. 11cm by 7 cm by 3 cm
-postural abdominal cavity (between T12 and L3)
-Renal Fascia and perirenal fat capsules (renal fat pad): heavy cushion of fat that
surrounds each kidney
Ureter Answer - tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder Answer - storage space for urine
urethra Answer - Tube for excretion of urine
the ureter is composed of 3 layers: Answer - the mucous lining, muscular middle
layer fibrous
the bladder is lined with urothelium that forms folds called____________ Answer -
ragau
the ureter wall has 3 layers Answer - transitional epithelium, smooth muscle, fibrous
coat
parasympathic involuntary Answer - -Urine moves through the ureters by peristalsis
, the ureters enter the bladder on the _________ side Answer - lower
the oblique path of of the ureter through the wall of the bladder, permits the junction
to act as a ____________ reducing the bladder as it becomes full Answer - valve
Urinary bladder structure Answer - -lined by transitional epithelium
-Composed mostly of smooth muscle tissue
Parasympathic involuntary
-can distend considerably
Function Answer - -reservoir for urine before it leaves the body
-aided by the urethra, expels urine from the body
Urethra Answer - -small tube lined with mucous membranes that extends from the
floor of the bladder to the exterior of the body
- Smooth muscles parasympathetic Involuntary
-
How long is the urethrae in females ? Answer - 3 cm long
-meatus is in the vestibule
How long is the urethra in males Answer - 20 cm
- passes through the prostate
-enters base of the penis
-meatus is at the end of the penis
micturition Answer - as the bladder volume increases, micturition contractions (of the
detrusor muscles) increase and the internal urethral sphincter relaxes.
-smooth muscle parasympathetic involuntary
-urge to urinate comes with micturition contractions
the external urethral sphincter muscle is under __________ control control skeletal
muscle Answer - Voluntary
Micturition Answer - Also called urination, is a mechanism for, is a mechanism for
voiding the bladder
the functional unit of the kidney is called a ________ Answer - nephron
what do nephrons make? Answer - urine
each kidney contains about ______________ nephrons Answer - one million
two major parts of nephrons Answer - -renal corpuscle
-tubules
nephrons are connected to Answer - the collecting ducts
renal corpuscle Answer - glomerulus and glomerular capsule
chapters Only!) 2023 (The final exam at
hondros is comprehensive, but about
40% is new information. this will cover
that information. Chapters 42, 43, 44)
Urinary system Answer - funnnn..
urinary system functions Answer - regulate homeostasis of body fluid- water and ph
regulation
-waste excretion
-ph regulation
-vit d sythesis
-epo
organs of the urinary system Answer - kidneys-primary organs
-ureters
-urinary bladder
-urethra
shape size and location (medial side) Answer - -approx. 11cm by 7 cm by 3 cm
-postural abdominal cavity (between T12 and L3)
-Renal Fascia and perirenal fat capsules (renal fat pad): heavy cushion of fat that
surrounds each kidney
Ureter Answer - tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder Answer - storage space for urine
urethra Answer - Tube for excretion of urine
the ureter is composed of 3 layers: Answer - the mucous lining, muscular middle
layer fibrous
the bladder is lined with urothelium that forms folds called____________ Answer -
ragau
the ureter wall has 3 layers Answer - transitional epithelium, smooth muscle, fibrous
coat
parasympathic involuntary Answer - -Urine moves through the ureters by peristalsis
, the ureters enter the bladder on the _________ side Answer - lower
the oblique path of of the ureter through the wall of the bladder, permits the junction
to act as a ____________ reducing the bladder as it becomes full Answer - valve
Urinary bladder structure Answer - -lined by transitional epithelium
-Composed mostly of smooth muscle tissue
Parasympathic involuntary
-can distend considerably
Function Answer - -reservoir for urine before it leaves the body
-aided by the urethra, expels urine from the body
Urethra Answer - -small tube lined with mucous membranes that extends from the
floor of the bladder to the exterior of the body
- Smooth muscles parasympathetic Involuntary
-
How long is the urethrae in females ? Answer - 3 cm long
-meatus is in the vestibule
How long is the urethra in males Answer - 20 cm
- passes through the prostate
-enters base of the penis
-meatus is at the end of the penis
micturition Answer - as the bladder volume increases, micturition contractions (of the
detrusor muscles) increase and the internal urethral sphincter relaxes.
-smooth muscle parasympathetic involuntary
-urge to urinate comes with micturition contractions
the external urethral sphincter muscle is under __________ control control skeletal
muscle Answer - Voluntary
Micturition Answer - Also called urination, is a mechanism for, is a mechanism for
voiding the bladder
the functional unit of the kidney is called a ________ Answer - nephron
what do nephrons make? Answer - urine
each kidney contains about ______________ nephrons Answer - one million
two major parts of nephrons Answer - -renal corpuscle
-tubules
nephrons are connected to Answer - the collecting ducts
renal corpuscle Answer - glomerulus and glomerular capsule
