NUR 631 FALL SESSION 2023/2024 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY,RENAL PATHO AND FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE PRACTICE QUIZS. COMPLETE TESTS GRADED A+.

NUR 631 FALL SESSION 2023/2024 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY,RENAL PATHO AND FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE PRACTICE QUIZS. COMPLETE TESTS GRADED A+. 1. What is the functional unit of the kidney? o Nephron o Renal tubules o Renin 2. What important structure lies near the medulla and are important in concentrating urine and secreting renin? o Superficial cortical nephrons o Midcortical nephrons o Juxtamedullary nephrons 3. How are the mesangial cells important in the nephron? o They release renin o They can contract that therefore can help to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow 4. Nitric oxide, which is release by the glomerular endothelial cells, causes which physiological process to occur? o Vasoconstriction o Vasodilation 5. The macula densa cells are an important component that makes up the JGA. These cells help to sense sodium levels. If these cells were to sense a low sodium chloride level, what would be the expected physiological response? o Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles which would increase the GFR o Stop the release of renin o They would synthesize more renin o Vasodilation of the afferent arterioles which would increase in the GFR. 6. Parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder causes the detrusor muscle to . o Relax o Contract o It does not affect the detrusor muscle 7. GFR is directly related to what? o Creatinine o Renal blood flow and perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries 8. If a patient's blood pressure was 200/120 what would you expect to occur physiologically in the kidneys? o Afferent arteriole dilatation o Afferent arteriole constriction 9. The ultimate or end purpose/goal of the RAAS system is to do what in the body? o Release renin o Cause vasodilation o Increase systemic arterial pressure o Decrease sodium reabsorption Renal Patho Practice Quiz 1. An example of a complication of an upper urinary obstruction is . o Renal colic o Hydronephrosis o Renal stones o Acidosis 2. A patient presents with a brain tumor. Upon examination the NP notes that the patient has had multiple episodes of incontinence and knows this is representative of an overactive bladder. The NP knows that this is a secondary complication of the brain tumor, and would document which of the following disorders in the patient's chart? o Detrusor hyperreflexia o Detrusor dyssynergia o Detrusor areflexia 3. A complication of a lower urinary tract obstruction is . o Renal stones o Overactive bladder o Renal failure o Urinary retention 4. What is the most important clinical manifestation to investigate should a provider suspect renal cell carcinoma? o Recurrent UTIs o Weight loss o Pain o Hematuria 5. Interstitial cystitis results from which of the following? o Bacterial infection o Viral infection o Autoimmune reaction 6. A patient presents to their provider complaining swelling in their legs. Urinalysis reveals hematuria and proteinuria. The patient is diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. The patient asks the provider how this happened. What would be the providers BEST response? o An infection led to the problem in your kidneys o Kidney stones lead to the problem in your kidneys o Your immune system reacted inappropriately, and this led to inflammation in your kidneys. 7. When reviewing the patients chart a provider reads that there is a nephrotic sediment in the urine. The provider knows that this means that there is a large presence of . o Protein o Blood o Glucose o Calcium 8. A patient presents in acute renal failure and reports a history of not being able to urinate in over 12 hours. Their bladder feels full, but they cannot urinate. What would the NP suspect is the type of this patient's renal failure? o Prerenal failure o Intrarenal failure o Postrenal failure 9. A patient present in renal failure. The patient reports a history of severe diarrhea for several days. They also report they have not been able to eat or drink anything for the last 24 hours due to not feeling well. The NP would suspect that this patient’s renal failure is a and is due to . o Prerenal; dehydration o Intrarenal; ischemia o Postrenal; urinary obstruction 10. A patient has chronic kidney failure. The student knows that the GFR will and the creatinine will . o Decrease; decrease o Increase; increase o Decrease; increase o Increase; decrease 11. Chronic renal failure can affect multiple organ systems. One such consequence of CRF is anemia. The student knows that this is a result of what. o Edema o Hypertension o Hypercoagulability o Loss of erythropoietin