WGU patho D236 questions with correct answers
WGU patho D236 Exam
Turner syndrome - answerA chromosomal disorder in females in which either an *X chromosome*
is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease - answerA human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional
enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest
a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome - answerA condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus - answerAntidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is
resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly
concentrate urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - answerIn heart valve disease, one or more of the valves in your
heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve). When the valve(s) do not close
completely, it causes blood to flow backward through the valve. This reduces forward blood flow
and can lead to volume overload in the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it limits the
flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood with increased force
to move blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
Cardiac Valve Complications - answerHeart valve disease can cause many complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
,* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Respiratory Illness from bats - answer*Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by contact with
infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of
animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic
fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia - answerDifferent types of anemia include:
, Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation - answerThe kidneys have two main ways to
maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine back to the
blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis - answerInflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer - answerCancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ? - answer*Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - answerThis condition is inherited in an autosomal
dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the
disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Spina Bifida - answerNot having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the most important
factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
Bursitis - answerInflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that
act as cushions at the joints.
Sprains and Strains - answerA sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament while severely
stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the end of muscles that connect muscles to
bones) get stretched or pulled away from the bone.
Endometriosis - answer# *Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and cramping may begin
before and extend several days into a menstrual period.
WGU patho D236 Exam
Turner syndrome - answerA chromosomal disorder in females in which either an *X chromosome*
is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease - answerA human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional
enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest
a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome - answerA condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated
physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus - answerAntidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is
resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to excess free water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly
concentrate urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - answerIn heart valve disease, one or more of the valves in your
heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve). When the valve(s) do not close
completely, it causes blood to flow backward through the valve. This reduces forward blood flow
and can lead to volume overload in the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it limits the
flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood with increased force
to move blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
Cardiac Valve Complications - answerHeart valve disease can cause many complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
,* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Respiratory Illness from bats - answer*Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by contact with
infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of
animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic
fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia - answerDifferent types of anemia include:
, Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation - answerThe kidneys have two main ways to
maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine back to the
blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis - answerInflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer - answerCancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ? - answer*Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - answerThis condition is inherited in an autosomal
dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the
disorder.
At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Spina Bifida - answerNot having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the most important
factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
Bursitis - answerInflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that
act as cushions at the joints.
Sprains and Strains - answerA sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament while severely
stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the end of muscles that connect muscles to
bones) get stretched or pulled away from the bone.
Endometriosis - answer# *Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and cramping may begin
before and extend several days into a menstrual period.
