NR 565 - advanced pharmacology midterm - Chamberlain
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with
potential long term consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately
decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors
and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood
levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
,CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit
juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic
properties of drugs?
, increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large
doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
delayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for adverse drug reactions with
potential long term consequences?
1st trimester (fetus most at risk d/t rapid growth)
What is BEERS criteria?
Recommendations of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older), prescriber ultimately
decides
What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
liver enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can either be inducers or inhibitors
and create drug-drug interactions
CYP450 inducers
Speed up metabolism of drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect (decrease blood
levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
CYP450 inducers pneumonic
"Bullshit Crap GPS INDUCES rage"
,CYP450 inducer drug names
Barbituates, St John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin, griseofulvin,
phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
CYP450 inhibitors
inhibit metabolism, increase blood levels of medications
CYP450 pneumonic
"VISA credit card debt INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
CYP450 inhibitors drug names
Valproate, isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol, ketoconazole, grapefruit
juice, quinidine
Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic
properties of drugs?
, increase glomerular filtration rate leads to increase durg excretion
increase hepatic metabolism
decrease tone and motility of bowel
increase drug absorption
Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large
doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
How is absorption of intramuscular medications different in neonates?
slow and erratic due to low blood flow in muscles first few days of life
Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased in infancy?
delayed gastric emptying
Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric patient?
glucocorticoids, discoloration of developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
