FULL REVIEW CRT/RRT (NBRC)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY
PASSED
Ascites ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention ✔✔-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill ✔✔-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color ✔✔-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) ✔✔-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and irregular
rhythm
Hyperpnea ✔✔-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
,Cheyne-Stokes ✔✔-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from
30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots ✔✔-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's ✔✔-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic ✔✔prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic ✔✔muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
,retractions ✔✔-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
Character of cough ✔✔-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
evidence of difficult airway ✔✔-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus ✔✔-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate severe air
trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
tactile fremitus ✔✔-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
, -pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus ✔✔-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates subcutaneous
emphysema
Resonant percussion ✔✔-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion ✔✔-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion ✔✔-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion ✔✔-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant ✔✔-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY
PASSED
Ascites ✔✔accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention ✔✔-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill ✔✔-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color ✔✔-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) ✔✔-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and irregular
rhythm
Hyperpnea ✔✔-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
,Cheyne-Stokes ✔✔-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from
30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots ✔✔-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's ✔✔-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic ✔✔prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic ✔✔muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
,retractions ✔✔-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
Character of cough ✔✔-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
evidence of difficult airway ✔✔-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus ✔✔-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate severe air
trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
tactile fremitus ✔✔-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
, -pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus ✔✔-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates subcutaneous
emphysema
Resonant percussion ✔✔-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion ✔✔-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion ✔✔-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion ✔✔-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant ✔✔-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
