Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 509 APEA Exam – RANDOM Question and Answers with Explanations

Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 509 APEA Exam – RANDOM. Question and Answers with Explanations Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 509 APEA Exam – RANDOM. Question and Answers with Explanations. Question 1 A transient ischemic attack is: A. a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction by fo cal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction. B. an infarction of the central nervous system tissue that may be silent or symptomatic. C. the abrupt onset of motor or sensory deficits. D. focal or asymmetric weaknesses caused by central an d peripheral nerve damage. Explanation: TIA is now defined as “a transient episode of neuro logical dysfunction caused by focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute inf arction.” Ischemic stroke is “an infarction of central nervous system tissue” that may be symptoma tic or silent. The other terms are not related to the new definitions. Question 2 A patient is asked to visually follow a finger thro ugh the cardinal fields of gaze. Which cranial nerves are being assessed? A. III, B. IVIII, C. IV, D. VI E. V, F. VI, G. VII Explanation: Visually following a finger through the cardinal fi elds of gaze is one way to assess the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves. CN I is the olfactory nerve and assesses smell. CN II is the optic nerve and assesses visual acuity. CN V is the trigeminal nerve and assesses both sensory and moto r functions. Question 3 Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain, whic h may produce minor physical signs, thought disturbances, or disturbed motor activity is: A. dystonia. B. bradykinesia. C. tremor. D. seizure. Explanation: A seizure is an uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain which may produce minor physical signs, thought disturbances, or disturbed motor act ivity, or a combination of symptoms. Dystonia is a neurological disorder that causes involuntary muscle spasms and twisting of the limbs. Bradykinesia is the term used to describe the impai red ability to adjust to one's body position. This symptom is noted in patients who have Parkinso n's disease. A rhythmic oscillatory movement of a body part resulting from the contract ion of opposing muscle groups is a tremor. Question 4 When evaluating the sensory system, testing the pos terior columns tract would include assessing sensations of: A. position and vibration. B. pain and temperature. C. deep touch. Incorrect D. discriminative sensations. Explanation: When evaluating the sensory system, testing the spi nothalamic tracts would include assessing sensations of pain and temperature. Assessing posit ion and vibration evaluate the posterior columns. Light touch assesses both the spinothalami c and posterior column tracts. To assess discriminative sensation, both the spinothalamic an d posterior columns tracts as well as the cortex would be assessed. Question 5 Physical exam of a well two-week-old infant reveals a little dimple with a small amount of hair just above the sacral area. This could be: A. an unusual finding but within normal limits. B. hirsutism. C. Arnold -Chiari malformation. D. spina bifida occulta. Explanation: There are four types of spina bifida: occulta, clos ed neural tube defects, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Occulta is the mildest and most c ommon form in which one or more vertebrae are malformed. The name “occulta,” which means “hidden,” indicates that a layer of skin covers the malformation, or opening in the ver tebrae. This form of spina bifida, present in 10-20 percent of the general population, rarely cau ses disability or symptoms. Closed neural tube defects are often recognized early in life due to a n abnormal tuft or clump of hair or a small dimple or birthmark on the skin at the site of the spinal malformation. Meningocele and myelomeningocele generally involve a fluid-filled s ac—visible on the back—protruding from the spinal canal. In meningocele, the sac may be co vered by a thin layer of skin. In most cases of myelomeningocele, there is no layer of skin coverin g the sac and an area of abnormally developed spinal cord tissue is usually exposed. Hi rsutism is an excessive amount of hair on the body usually caused by a hormonal imbalance. An Arn old-Chiari malformation is a cyst-like formation in the fourth ventricle, cerebellum or br ainstem.