Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy
Carbohydrates
the primary source of energy of the body. They should be 45%-65% of calorie intake.
Carbs provide how many kcal of energy per gram
4
The body's main storage form of carbohydrates is
glycogen
Where is Glycogen mostly found?
liver and muscle
Glycogen is made up of
glucose
are essential to tissue building and repair within the body
proteins
used for energy only if the body does not have sufficient energy from carbs or fats.
proteins
proteins are made up of
amino acids
Proteins should have a calorie intake of
10%-35%
proteins provide _________of energy per gram
4kcal
the body's secondary storage form of energy
fats
fats should have ____ of calorie intake
20-35%
fats provide ___________ of energy per gram
9kcal
If there is insufficient carbs intake and fat is needed for energy, __________ can be
produced by the fast breakdown of fat.
ketones
The sum of all body processes inside living cells that sustain life
metabolism
vitamins and minerals are the main nutrients involved in
metabolic regulation
is achieved by having a balanced diet with a variety of food in a moderate amount
optimal nutrition
caused by an insufficient or improper diet
malnutrition
who is most at risk for undernutrition
children, pregnant women, people with chronic illnesses, and elderly
increase risk especially if there is an illness chronic or acute that is stressing the body
homelessness, hospitalization, and poverty.
is an excess of nutrient and energy
overnutrition
DRI (Dietary Reference Intakes)
, minimum amounts of a nutrient a healthy person needs
My Plate
promotes variety, proportionality, moderation, gradual improvements, and physical
activity.
Saccharide
is sugar
monosaccharide
simple sugar
simple sugars
are glucose (the basic sugar in human metabolism, found in processed food
fructose
found primarily in fruits and honey
galactose
produced when your body breaks down lactose in milk
disaccharides
double sugars that are two simple sugars combined
Sucrose
(table sugar) is glucose and fructose
lactose
(milk sugar) is glucose and galactose
Maltose
glucose and glucose is produced when the body breaks down starch, and is also found
in processed food.
Polysaccharides
starch is found in grains, legumes, and other vegetables. they are more complex and
they breakdown more slowly and give longer term energy.
Glycogen
stored sugar in the human body
dietary fiber
body is unable to digest
dietary fiber
there are no calories derived from ______
soluble fiber
binds to bile acids and lowers cholesterol
insoluble fiber
provides bulk in the GI system and prevents constipation by encouraging peristalsis
peristalsis
wavelike movements that push food and waste through
men under 50 should have _____ grams of fiber per day
38
women under 50 should have ____ grams of fiber per day
25
30 grams / day
men over 50 the DRI's
25 grams/ day
women over 50 DRI's
Carbohydrates
the primary source of energy of the body. They should be 45%-65% of calorie intake.
Carbs provide how many kcal of energy per gram
4
The body's main storage form of carbohydrates is
glycogen
Where is Glycogen mostly found?
liver and muscle
Glycogen is made up of
glucose
are essential to tissue building and repair within the body
proteins
used for energy only if the body does not have sufficient energy from carbs or fats.
proteins
proteins are made up of
amino acids
Proteins should have a calorie intake of
10%-35%
proteins provide _________of energy per gram
4kcal
the body's secondary storage form of energy
fats
fats should have ____ of calorie intake
20-35%
fats provide ___________ of energy per gram
9kcal
If there is insufficient carbs intake and fat is needed for energy, __________ can be
produced by the fast breakdown of fat.
ketones
The sum of all body processes inside living cells that sustain life
metabolism
vitamins and minerals are the main nutrients involved in
metabolic regulation
is achieved by having a balanced diet with a variety of food in a moderate amount
optimal nutrition
caused by an insufficient or improper diet
malnutrition
who is most at risk for undernutrition
children, pregnant women, people with chronic illnesses, and elderly
increase risk especially if there is an illness chronic or acute that is stressing the body
homelessness, hospitalization, and poverty.
is an excess of nutrient and energy
overnutrition
DRI (Dietary Reference Intakes)
, minimum amounts of a nutrient a healthy person needs
My Plate
promotes variety, proportionality, moderation, gradual improvements, and physical
activity.
Saccharide
is sugar
monosaccharide
simple sugar
simple sugars
are glucose (the basic sugar in human metabolism, found in processed food
fructose
found primarily in fruits and honey
galactose
produced when your body breaks down lactose in milk
disaccharides
double sugars that are two simple sugars combined
Sucrose
(table sugar) is glucose and fructose
lactose
(milk sugar) is glucose and galactose
Maltose
glucose and glucose is produced when the body breaks down starch, and is also found
in processed food.
Polysaccharides
starch is found in grains, legumes, and other vegetables. they are more complex and
they breakdown more slowly and give longer term energy.
Glycogen
stored sugar in the human body
dietary fiber
body is unable to digest
dietary fiber
there are no calories derived from ______
soluble fiber
binds to bile acids and lowers cholesterol
insoluble fiber
provides bulk in the GI system and prevents constipation by encouraging peristalsis
peristalsis
wavelike movements that push food and waste through
men under 50 should have _____ grams of fiber per day
38
women under 50 should have ____ grams of fiber per day
25
30 grams / day
men over 50 the DRI's
25 grams/ day
women over 50 DRI's
