LECTURE NOTES
ON
SUB: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE &
GAS TURBINES
8th SEMESTER, B.TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE – BME 423
Prepared by:
Mrs. Dulari Hansdah
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY, BURLA, ODISHA
, DISCLAIMER
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for
prescribed text books. The information presented here is merely a collection by the
committee members for their respective teaching assignments. Various sources as mentioned
at the reference of the document as well as freely available material from internet were
consulted for preparing this document. The ownership of the information lies with the
respective authors or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for
commercial purpose and the committee members are not accountable for any issues, legal or
otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee members make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of
this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness
for a particular purpose. The committee members shall be liable for any loss of profit or any
other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or
other damages.
, SYLLABUS
Module - I
1. Introduction: Classification of IC engines, working cycles, comparison of two stroke
& four stroke engines, Comparison between SI & CI engines. (2)
2. Fuel combustion &Fuel injection: Structure & composition of IC engine fuel, Fuel
rating properties of fuel, Fuel additives and non-petroleum fuels. Fuel air requirement
for ideal normal operation, maximum power & quick acceleration, simple carburetor
& its draw back. Practical carburetor, petrol injection. Requirements & type of diesel
injection system, fuel pump, injectors &nozzles.(8)
Module - II
3. Ignition &combustion in IC Engines: Battery, magneto & Electronic ignition systems,
Ignition timing, spark advance mechanism. Stages of SI engine combustion, Effect of
engine variables on ignition lag flame front propagation. Abnormal combustion, pre-
ignition & detonation, Theory of detonation, Effect of engine variables on detonation,
Control of detonation. Requirement of good combustion chambers for SI engines.
Stages of CI engine combustion. Effect of engine variables on delay periods. Diesel
Knock & methods of control in CI engine combustion chambers.(10)
Module - III
4. Testing and performance: Power, Fuel and air measurement methods, performance of
SI and CI Engines, Characteristics curve. Variables affecting performance and
methods to improve engine performance.(5)
5. Cooling and Lubricating Systems, Engine Emission & Controls: Air cooling and
Water cooling system, Effect of cooling on power output & efficiency, properties of
lubricants &types of lubricating system engine emission & its harmful effect.
Methods of measuring pollutants and control of engine emission.(7)
Module – IV
6. Gas turbines: Introduction, open & closed cycle gas turbines, Constant volume
&constant pressure cycles. Thermodynamic analysis of ideal basic cycle with
regeneration reheat & intercooling .Analysis of ideal basic cycle considering actual
losses. Application of gas turbine.(8)
, LESSON PLAN
Sl. Lecture Topics to be covered
No. No.
Lecture-01 What is IC engines and components of IC engine, IC engine terminology,
classification of IC engines, comparison of Two stroke &four stroke
1
engines, Comparison between SI & CI engines, valve and port timing
diagram
2 Lecture-02 Working cycles-Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle, problem solving
Lecture-03 Fuel- structure & composition of IC engine fuel, properties of SI and CI
3
engine fuel, fuel rating
4 Lecture-04 Fuel additives and non-petroleum fuels (alternative fuels)
Lecture-05 Fuel air requirement for ideal normal operation, maximum power & quick
5
acceleration, simple carburettor and its parts, problem solving
6 Lecture-06 Drawback of simple carburettor, types of carburettor
Lecture-07 Petrol injection, Lucas petrol injection system, electronic petrol injection
7
system
8 Lecture-08 Requirements & type of diesel injection system
9 Lecture-09 fuel pump, types of injectors
10 Lecture-10 Types of nozzles, spray formation and its direction, injection timing
Lecture-11 Ignition system- requirements of ignition system, Battery and magneto
11
ignition system
12 Lecture-12 Ignition timing, spark plug, spark advance mechanism
13 Lecture-13 Disadvantage of conventional ignition system, electronic ignition system
Lecture-14 Factors affecting energy requirement of ignition system
14
Lecture-15 Stages of SI engine combustion, effect of engine variables on ignition lag
15
flame front propagation
Lecture-16 Abnormal combustion, pre-ignition & detonation, theory of detonation, effect
16
of engine variables on detonation
Lecture-17 Control of detonation, requirement of good combustion chambers for SI
17
engines
18 Lecture-18 Stages of CI engine combustion, effect of engine variables on delay periods
19 Lecture-19 Diesel Knock & methods of control in CI
20 Lecture-20 Diesel engine combustion chambers
Lecture-21 Testing and performance- Indicated power (indicator diagram-piston
21
indicator, balanced-diaphragm type of indicator)
Measurement of brake power (prony brake, rope brake, eddy current,
22 Lecture-22 hydraulic dynamometer), Measurement of friction power (Willian‟s line
method, Morse test, Motoring test)
Lecture-23 Fuel consumption measurements (volumetric and gravimetric method), air
23
consumption measurements
24 Lecture-24 Variables affecting performance of SI engine
25 Lecture-25 Variables affecting performance of CI engine, problem solving
Lecture-26 Engine emissions, measurement method of smoke emission, measurement of
26
unburnt hydrocarbon emission
ON
SUB: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE &
GAS TURBINES
8th SEMESTER, B.TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE – BME 423
Prepared by:
Mrs. Dulari Hansdah
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY, BURLA, ODISHA
, DISCLAIMER
This document does not claim any originality and cannot be used as a substitute for
prescribed text books. The information presented here is merely a collection by the
committee members for their respective teaching assignments. Various sources as mentioned
at the reference of the document as well as freely available material from internet were
consulted for preparing this document. The ownership of the information lies with the
respective authors or institutions. Further, this document is not intended to be used for
commercial purpose and the committee members are not accountable for any issues, legal or
otherwise, arising out of use of this document. The committee members make no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of
this document and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness
for a particular purpose. The committee members shall be liable for any loss of profit or any
other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or
other damages.
, SYLLABUS
Module - I
1. Introduction: Classification of IC engines, working cycles, comparison of two stroke
& four stroke engines, Comparison between SI & CI engines. (2)
2. Fuel combustion &Fuel injection: Structure & composition of IC engine fuel, Fuel
rating properties of fuel, Fuel additives and non-petroleum fuels. Fuel air requirement
for ideal normal operation, maximum power & quick acceleration, simple carburetor
& its draw back. Practical carburetor, petrol injection. Requirements & type of diesel
injection system, fuel pump, injectors &nozzles.(8)
Module - II
3. Ignition &combustion in IC Engines: Battery, magneto & Electronic ignition systems,
Ignition timing, spark advance mechanism. Stages of SI engine combustion, Effect of
engine variables on ignition lag flame front propagation. Abnormal combustion, pre-
ignition & detonation, Theory of detonation, Effect of engine variables on detonation,
Control of detonation. Requirement of good combustion chambers for SI engines.
Stages of CI engine combustion. Effect of engine variables on delay periods. Diesel
Knock & methods of control in CI engine combustion chambers.(10)
Module - III
4. Testing and performance: Power, Fuel and air measurement methods, performance of
SI and CI Engines, Characteristics curve. Variables affecting performance and
methods to improve engine performance.(5)
5. Cooling and Lubricating Systems, Engine Emission & Controls: Air cooling and
Water cooling system, Effect of cooling on power output & efficiency, properties of
lubricants &types of lubricating system engine emission & its harmful effect.
Methods of measuring pollutants and control of engine emission.(7)
Module – IV
6. Gas turbines: Introduction, open & closed cycle gas turbines, Constant volume
&constant pressure cycles. Thermodynamic analysis of ideal basic cycle with
regeneration reheat & intercooling .Analysis of ideal basic cycle considering actual
losses. Application of gas turbine.(8)
, LESSON PLAN
Sl. Lecture Topics to be covered
No. No.
Lecture-01 What is IC engines and components of IC engine, IC engine terminology,
classification of IC engines, comparison of Two stroke &four stroke
1
engines, Comparison between SI & CI engines, valve and port timing
diagram
2 Lecture-02 Working cycles-Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle, problem solving
Lecture-03 Fuel- structure & composition of IC engine fuel, properties of SI and CI
3
engine fuel, fuel rating
4 Lecture-04 Fuel additives and non-petroleum fuels (alternative fuels)
Lecture-05 Fuel air requirement for ideal normal operation, maximum power & quick
5
acceleration, simple carburettor and its parts, problem solving
6 Lecture-06 Drawback of simple carburettor, types of carburettor
Lecture-07 Petrol injection, Lucas petrol injection system, electronic petrol injection
7
system
8 Lecture-08 Requirements & type of diesel injection system
9 Lecture-09 fuel pump, types of injectors
10 Lecture-10 Types of nozzles, spray formation and its direction, injection timing
Lecture-11 Ignition system- requirements of ignition system, Battery and magneto
11
ignition system
12 Lecture-12 Ignition timing, spark plug, spark advance mechanism
13 Lecture-13 Disadvantage of conventional ignition system, electronic ignition system
Lecture-14 Factors affecting energy requirement of ignition system
14
Lecture-15 Stages of SI engine combustion, effect of engine variables on ignition lag
15
flame front propagation
Lecture-16 Abnormal combustion, pre-ignition & detonation, theory of detonation, effect
16
of engine variables on detonation
Lecture-17 Control of detonation, requirement of good combustion chambers for SI
17
engines
18 Lecture-18 Stages of CI engine combustion, effect of engine variables on delay periods
19 Lecture-19 Diesel Knock & methods of control in CI
20 Lecture-20 Diesel engine combustion chambers
Lecture-21 Testing and performance- Indicated power (indicator diagram-piston
21
indicator, balanced-diaphragm type of indicator)
Measurement of brake power (prony brake, rope brake, eddy current,
22 Lecture-22 hydraulic dynamometer), Measurement of friction power (Willian‟s line
method, Morse test, Motoring test)
Lecture-23 Fuel consumption measurements (volumetric and gravimetric method), air
23
consumption measurements
24 Lecture-24 Variables affecting performance of SI engine
25 Lecture-25 Variables affecting performance of CI engine, problem solving
Lecture-26 Engine emissions, measurement method of smoke emission, measurement of
26
unburnt hydrocarbon emission
