HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III ASIAN ARCHITECTURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH TECH UTILITIES AND CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS

BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE




HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE III
ASIAN ARCHITECTURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT
OF HIGH TECH UTILITIES AND
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS




SHEILA MAE B. BOLIVER
BSA 2A




AR. IAN KENNETH L. ORASA
INSTRUCTOR




1

, TABLE OF ASIAN ARCHITECTURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH TECH UTILITIES AND CONSTRUC


NAME OF ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL
COUNTRY INFLUENCES CONTRIBUTIONS/ INNOVATIONS TERMS
- Geographical and Climatological  Building houses off the ground
INDONESIA Influences  Row houses, canals and enclosed solid • GONJONG, hornlike roof structure
- Indian Architecture walls • SINGKOK, triangular wall under the
- Islamic Architecture  The sharply inclined roof of gonjong
- Chinese Architecture  Large overhanging eaves • PERENG, shelf under the singkok
- European influences(since the 18th and  Many windows providing good cross- • ANJUANG, raised floor at the end o
19th centuries) ventilation for Hot and humid-low lying style of rumah gadang
- Hinduism coastal regions • DINDIANG ARI, the walls on the sid
- Buddhism  Vast roof and few windows – Colder elevations
Region • DINDIANG TAPI, the walls on the f
 Construction System (Rumah Adat Batak) back elevations
-Post, beam and lintel structural system • PAPAN BANYAK, front façade
with either wooden or bamboo walls that • PAPAN SAKAPIANG, a shelf or mi
are non-load bearing band on the periphery of the house
- Rather than nails, mortis and tenon • SALANGKO, wall enclosing space
joints and wooden pegs are used- house that has been built on stilt
• RUMAH GADANG,serves as a resi
a hall for family meetings, and for
ceremonial activities.
• RUMAH ADAT, Indonesian’s ethnic
own distinctive form of the tradition
vernacular architecture, custom ho
• BALE,meeting hall
• RUMAH, house
• SOPO,rice barn
• RUMAH MELAYU
• SUNDANESE IMAH
• THE BUBUNGAN TINGGI
- Geographical and Climatological Traditional:  RUMAH IBU- main house
MALAYSIA Influences  No nails  RUMAH DAPUR kitchen annex
- Colonial architecture  Built using beams, usage of wedges  SERUMBI verandas
- Indian Architecture  Cantilevered Construction  RUMAH MELAYU
- Chinese Architecture  Pre-cut holes and grooves
- Malay
- European
- Islamic Architecture
- Hinduism
- Buddhism

,  PRATOO, doors
 NAATANG) windows
 KHAN THUAI air vents and eave
- Geographical and Climatological  Colonettes - narrow decorative columns  KHMER
CAMBODIA Influences that served as supports for the beams  GOPURA
- Hinduism and lintels above doorways or windows.  BAS RELIEFS
- Buddhism.  Corbelling  APSARAS
- Indian Architecture  Raised on columns  DEVATAS
- Thai culture  Moats and raised walkways  DYARAPALA
- Lao culture  Use of wall panels, double walls and  GAJASIMBA AND REACHISEY
roofs  GARUDA
 Loggias (covered balconies and  INDRA
walkways)
 Claustras (decorative openwork) offer
shade
 multi-tiered tiled roofs
 golden spires
 tympani (gables)
 Innovative use of reinforced concrete.

- Geographical and Climatological  Flat roof preserve heat as small fuel  STUPAS
NEPAL & TIBET Influences  Walls inclined in 10 ° to prevent frequent  ALASHA- sacred brass receptacle
- Chinese Architecture earthquakes.  JHINGATI (baked clay tiles),
- Indian Architecture  Symmetric Configuration  GAJUR (pinnacle)
- Buddhism  Small length to breadth ratio  GARBHA-GRIHA (literally 'womb
 Symmetrically Located Small Openings  PUJARI (temple priests).
 a limited number of stories  KINKINIMALA (small-bell rows)
 Wooden bands  PATAKA
 Vertical Post at corners  TUNALA (struts)
 Wooden Corner Stitch
 Wooden Pegs
 Use of wooden wedges, carpentry joints
(dovetailing etc.)
Myanmar Myanmar  CHEDIS
MYANMAR, VIETNAM - Indian - Piatthat or tiered ceiling  HTI
& LAOS - Budhism - vaulted brick halls  KYA-YINT (MUMIFH)
- Colonial Architecture - tapered roofs  KYA-LAN (MUMVEF)
Vietnam - Four posts and a concrete foundation  KYA-HMAUK (MUMARSMUF)
- Chinese - Flattened bamboo waalls  NGOC LU DRUM
- Khmers - Foors consist of boards or wood of  WAT
- Chams bamboo.
 THAT
- European Influence - Tiles, wooden shingles or zinc sheets
 BASTIONS

Laos may be covered on the roofs