Nursing Pediatrics Exam 1 A+

Nursing Pediatrics Exam 1 Stages of growth and development - Answer- Newborn - Birth to 1 month Infancy - 1 month to 12 months Toddlerhood - 1-2 yrs Preschool Age - 3-6 yrs (including kindergarten) School Age - 6-12 yrs Adolescence - 13-18 yrs How is INFANT growth measured? - Answer- Weight Length Head circumference Infant Head Circumference - Answer- infant's head circumference increases 1.5 cm (0.6 in) per month for the first 6 months of life. Then 0.5 cm (0.2 in) between 6 and 12 months of age. Birth weight changes double, triple, and quadruple at... - Answer- 6 months - double 12 months - tripled 2-3 yrs - quadruple How does the birth height change in the first 12 months? - Answer- infant grows 2.5 cm (1 in) per month in the first 6 months. Increases by 0.5 inch per month (1.25cm) - 6-12 months. Birth length increases by 50% by 1 year of age. How does height change following the first 12 months? - Answer- Slows down until adolescent spurt What's the equation for figuring out someone's final height? - Answer- Height at 2-2.5 years x 2 = full height will become When do the fontanelles close? - Answer- Posterior: 2-3 months (6 to 8 weeks of age) Anterior: 12 to 18 months Dentition - Answer- 6 to 8 teeth should erupt in mouth by the end of the first year of age. The first teeth erupt between 6 to 10 months. CLEAN INFANT TEETH USING COOL, WET WASHCLOTHS. NO BOTTLE TO INFANTS (milk/juice) WHEN THEY ARE FALLING ASLEEP BECAUSE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CAVITIES/CARIES. What can teething pain be eased by? - Answer- cold teething rings and OTC teething gels. Acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen are appropriate if irritability interferes with sleeping and feeding but should NOT be used for more than 3 days. Ibuprofen = ONLY in INFANTS 6 MONTHS. What is the average head circumference of a newborn? - Answer- 32-38cm How much head circumference growth happens within the first year of life? - Answer- About half of total h.c. (most of it) How does head circumference growth occur over the first year of life? - Answer- 1.5cm/month - first 6 months 0.2cm/month - 6-12 months Directional Growth occurs... - Answer- Cephalocaudal: head to toe (able to sit, then crawl, then walk) Proximodistal: growth center, outward Growth is... - Answer- Easy to see; happens outwardly Development is... - Answer- Hard to see; happens over a time continuum - maturation of child's learning process Factors influencing a child's development are... - Answer- Genetics - not always indicative of how child will G & D Nutrition - socio economic issue Prenatal and environmental factors - neural tube defects Family and culture Health status Developmental milestones - Answer- Age specific skills and tasks the most children achieve at a certain age Anticipatory guidance to encourage crawl and walk - Answer- Must be place on the floor Anticipatory guidance to encourage fine motor skills - Answer- Rattles, blocks, and finger foods Anticipatory guidance to encourage language - Answer- Sing, talk, read to infant/child Expectations for 1 year old - Answer- walk, single words Expectations for 2 year old - Answer- climb 2 stairs, 2 word sentences ("no" "me do") Expectations for 3 year old - Answer- tricycle, repeats 3 digits (123, 456) Expectations for 4 year old - Answer- copies a square - developing fine motor skills Piaget theory addressed - Answer- Cognitive development: sensorimotor - preoperational - concrete operational - formal operational