HESI Medical Surgery

HESI Medical Surgery Sodium - Answer- 135-145 Potassium - Answer- 3.5-5 Chloride - Answer- 97-107 Calcium - Answer- 8.6-10.2 Magnesium - Answer- 1.3-2.3 Phosphorous - Answer- 2.5-4.5 BUN - Answer- 8-20 Creatinine - Answer- 0.7-1.4 Glucose - Answer- 60-100 Albumin - Answer- 3.5-5.5 AST - Answer- 10-40 ALT - Answer- 8-40 WBC - Answer- 4.5-11k Platelets - Answer- 150-450k hgb (hemoglobin) - Answer- 12-18 hct - Answer- 35-52 2.2 lbs - Answer- one kilogram 5 mL - Answer- one teaspoon 15 mL - Answer- one tablespoon 30 mL - Answer- one ounce Automaticity - Answer- cells can spontaneously initiate impulse- pacemaker cells Excitability - Answer- ion shift-ability to respond to impulse and generate action potential Injured/scared cells lose excitability Conductivity - Answer- able to transmit impulse Contractibility - Answer- how well cell contracts after receiving a stimulus Lead 2 - Answer- arrythmias, infarct V1 - Answer- right 4th intercostal space-anterior/post view V6 - Answer- horizontal to V5, mid-axillary line;lateral view Torsades de Pointe - Answer- QT interval becomes prolonged, the patient is at risk for lethal ventricular dysrhythmias called ST variances-flat, down sloping, or flattened indicate - Answer- electrolyte imbalances ischemia or infarct Often seen with sinus tach - Answer- Premature Atrial Complexes A-fib is associated with an increased risk of - Answer- heart failure, sudden cardiac death, and chronic kidney disease (in addition to ischemic heart disease), Types of angina - Answer- stable, unstable, intractable, variant/printzmetal, silent Stable angina - Answer- predictable/exertion; TX: rest/NTG Unstable angina - Answer- longer, can occur at rest. Also called crescendo/pre-infarct. Note: Unstable angina begins the ACS continuum Intractable angina - Answer- severe Variant/Printzmetal angina - Answer- pain at rest, vaso-spasm, ST segment changes, reversible Silent angina - Answer- no symptoms, objective changes ECG Indicators of resolved angina - Answer- Resolution of pain (0/10) and normalized ECG myocardial infarct - Answer- oxygen supply does not meet o2 demand MI-Clinical Manifestations - Answer- •Chest pain that doesn't go away *Pain in chest, jaw, back, shoulders, crushing, heavy pressure *Shortness of breath, diaphoresis, pulmonary congestion *N/V *Skin cool and clammy *Se