NERC Standards with complete solutions 2023
How Many Active Standards are in BAL (Resource and Demand Balancing) - (correct answer)There
are 8 Active Standards Listed Below:
BAL-001-2 Real Power Balancing Control Performance Related Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-001-TRE-1 Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region Related Information Subject to
Enforcement
BAL-002-3 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event Subject to Enforcement
BAL-002-WECC-2a Contingency Reserve Related Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-003-1.1 Frequency Response and Frequency Bias Setting Related Information Subject to
Enforcement
BAL-004-WECC-3 Automatic Time Error Correction R elated Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-005-1 Balancing Authority Control Related Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-502-RF-03 Planning Resource Adequacy Analysis, Assessment and Documentation Related
Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-001-2: Real Power Balancing Control Performance - (correct answer)To control Interconnection
frequency within defined limits. (2 Requirements)
BAL-001-2: Real Power Balancing Control Performance R1 - (correct answer)R1. The Responsible
Entity shall operate such that the Control Performance Standard 1 (CPS1), calculated in accordance
with Attachment 1, is greater than or equal to 100 percent for the applicable Interconnection in
which it operates for each preceding 12 consecutive calendar month period, evaluated monthly.
[Violation Risk Factor: Medium] [Time Horizon: Real-time Operations]
BAL-001-2: Real Power Balancing Control Performance R2 - (correct answer)R2. Each Balancing
Authority shall operate such that its clock-minute average of Reporting ACE does not exceed its
clock-minute Balancing Authority ACE Limit (BAAL) for more than 30 consecutive clock-minutes,
calculated in accordance with Attachment 2, for the applicable Interconnection in which the
Balancing Authority operates.[Violation Risk Factor: Medium] [Time Horizon: Real-time Operations]
BAL-001-TRE-1: Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region - (correct answer)To maintain
Interconnection steady-state frequency within defined limits.
Contingency Reserve Restoration Period - (correct answer)A period not exceeding 90 minutes
following the end of the Contingency Event Recovery Period.
BAL-001-TRE-1: R1 Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region - (correct answer)R2. The BA
shall calculate the Primary Frequency Response of each generating unit/generating facility in
accordance with this standard and the Primary Frequency Response Reference Document.1 This
calculation shall provide a 12-month rolling average of initial and sustained Primary Frequency
Response performance. This calculation shall be completed each month for the preceding 12
calendar months. 2.1. The performance of a combined cycle facility will be determined using an
expected performance droop of 5.78%. 2.2. The calculation results shall be submitted to the
Compliance Enforcement Authority and made available to the GO by the end of the month in which
they were completed. 2.3. If a generating unit/generating facility has not participated in a minimum
of (8) eight FMEs in a 12-month period, its performance shall be based on a rolling eight FME
,NERC Standards with complete solutions 2023
average response. [Violation Risk Factor = Lower] [Time Horizon = Operations Assessment] M2. The
BA shall have evidence it calculated and reported the rolling average initial and sustained Primary
Frequency Response performance of each generating unit/generating facility monthly as required in
Requirement R2.
BAL-001-TRE-1: R3 Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region - (correct answer)R3. The BA
shall determine the Interconnection minimum Frequency Response (IMFR) in December of each year
for the following year, and make the IMFR, the methodology for calculation and the criteria for
determination of the IMFR publicly available.
BAL-002-3: Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)To ensure the Balancing Authority or Reserve Sharing Group
balances resources and demand and returns the Balancing Authority's or Reserve Sharing Group's
Area Control Error to defined values (subject to applicable limits) following a Reportable Balancing
Contingency Event.
BAL-002-3: R1 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)R1. The Responsible Entity experiencing a Reportable Balancing
Contingency Event shall: [Violation Risk Factor: High] [Time Horizon: Real-time Operations] 1.1.
within the Contingency Event Recovery Period, demonstrate recovery by returning its Reporting ACE
to at least the recovery value of: zero (if its Pre-Reporting Contingency Event ACE Value was positive
or equal to zero); however, any Balancing Contingency Event that occurs during the Contingency
Event Recovery Period shall reduce the required recovery: (i) beginning at the time of, and (ii) by the
magnitude of, such individual Balancing Contingency Event, or, its Pre-Reporting Contingency Event
ACE Value (if its Pre-Reporting Contingency Event ACE Value was negative); however, any Balancing
Contingency Event that occurs during the Contingency Event Recovery Period shall reduce the
required recovery: (i) beginning at the time of, and (ii) by the magnitude of, such individual Balancing
Contingency Event. 1.2. document all Reportable Balancing Contingency Events using CR Form 1.
BAL-002-3 - Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event Page 2 of 7 1.3. deploy Contingency Reserve, within system constraints, to
respond to all Reportable Balancing Contingency Events, however, it is not subject to compliance
with Requirement R1 part 1.1 if the Responsible Entity: 1.3.1 is (i) a Balancing Authority or (ii) a
Reserve Sharing Group with at least one member that: is experiencing a Reliability Coordinator
declared Energy Emergency Alert Level, and is utilizing its Contingency Reserve to mitigate an
operating emergency in accordance with its emergency Operating Plan, and has depleted its
Contingency Reserve to a level below its Most Severe Single Contingency, and has, during
communications with its Reliability Coordinator in accordance with the Energy Emergency Alert
procedures, (i) notified the Reliability Coordinator of the conditions described in the preceding two
bullet points preventing the Responsible Entity from complying with Requirement R1 part 1.1, and
(ii) provided the Reliability Coordinator with an ACE recovery plan, including target recovery time or,
1.3.2 the Responsible Entity experiences: multiple Contingencies where the combined MW loss
exceeds its Most Severe Single Contingency and that are defined as a single Balancing Contingency
Event, or multiple Balancing Contingency Events within the sum of the time periods defined by the
Contingency Event Recovery Period and Contingency Reserve Restoration Period whose combined
magnitude exceeds the Responsible Entity's Most Severe Single Contingency.
BAL-002-3: R2 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)R2. Each Responsible Entity shall develop, review and maintain
annually, and implement an Operating Process as part of its Operating Plan to determine its Most
, NERC Standards with complete solutions 2023
Severe Single Contingency and make preparations to have Contingency Reserve equal to, or greater
than the Responsible Entity's Most Severe Single Contingency available for maintaining system
reliability. [Violation Risk Factor: High] [Time Horizon: Operations Planning]
BAL-002-3: R3 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)R3. Each Responsible Entity, following a Reportable Balancing
Contingency Event, shall restore its Contingency Reserve to at least its Most Severe Single
Contingency, before the end of the Contingency Reserve Restoration Period, but any Balancing
Contingency Event that occurs before the end of a Contingency Reserve Restoration Period resets
the beginning of the Contingency Event Recovery Period. [Violation Risk Factor: Medium] [Time
Horizon: Real-time Operations]
BAL-002-WECC-2a: Contingency Reserve - (correct answer)To specify the quantity and types of
Contingency Reserve required to ensure reliability under normal and abnormal conditions.
BAL-003-1.1: Frequency Response and Frequency Bias Setting - (correct answer)To require sufficient
Frequency Response from the Balancing Authority (BA) to maintain Interconnection Frequency
within predefined bounds by arresting frequency deviations and supporting frequency until the
frequency is restored to its scheduled value. To provide consistent methods for measuring
Frequency Response and determining the Frequency Bias Setting.
BAL-004-WECC-3: Automatic Time Error Correction - (correct answer)To maintain Interconnection
frequency and to ensure that Time Error Corrections and Primary Inadvertent Interchange (PII)
payback are effectively conducted in a manner that does not adversely affect the reliability of the
Interconnection.
BAL-005-1: Balancing Authority Control - (correct answer)This standard establishes requirements for
acquiring data necessary to calculate Reporting Area Control Error (Reporting ACE). The standard
also specifies a minimum periodicity, accuracy, and availability requirement for acquisition of the
data and for providing the information to the System Operator.
"BAL-502-RF-03: Planning Resource Adequacy Analysis - (correct answer)Assessment and
Documentation ,To establish common criteria, based on "one day in ten year" loss of Load
expectation principles, for the analysis, assessment and documentation of Resource Adequacy for
Load in the ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RF) region"
CIP-002-5.1a: Cyber Security - BES Cyber System Categorization - (correct answer)To identify and
categorize BES Cyber Systems and their associated BES Cyber Assets for the application of cyber
security requirements commensurate with the adverse impact that loss, compromise, or misuse of
those BES Cyber Systems could have on the reliable operation of the BES. Identification and
categorization of BES Cyber Systems support appropriate protection against compromises that could
lead to misoperation or instability in the BES.
CIP-003-7: Cyber Security — Security Management Controls - (correct answer)To specify consistent
and sustainable security management controls that establish responsibility and accountability to
protect BES Cyber Systems against compromise that could lead to misoperation or instability in the
Bulk Electric System (BES).
CIP-004-6: Cyber Security — Personnel & Training - (correct answer)To minimize the risk against
compromise that could lead to misoperation or instability in the Bulk Electric System (BES) from
individuals accessing BES Cyber Systems by requiring an appropriate level of personnel risk
assessment, training, and security awareness in support of protecting BES Cyber Systems.
How Many Active Standards are in BAL (Resource and Demand Balancing) - (correct answer)There
are 8 Active Standards Listed Below:
BAL-001-2 Real Power Balancing Control Performance Related Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-001-TRE-1 Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region Related Information Subject to
Enforcement
BAL-002-3 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event Subject to Enforcement
BAL-002-WECC-2a Contingency Reserve Related Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-003-1.1 Frequency Response and Frequency Bias Setting Related Information Subject to
Enforcement
BAL-004-WECC-3 Automatic Time Error Correction R elated Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-005-1 Balancing Authority Control Related Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-502-RF-03 Planning Resource Adequacy Analysis, Assessment and Documentation Related
Information Subject to Enforcement
BAL-001-2: Real Power Balancing Control Performance - (correct answer)To control Interconnection
frequency within defined limits. (2 Requirements)
BAL-001-2: Real Power Balancing Control Performance R1 - (correct answer)R1. The Responsible
Entity shall operate such that the Control Performance Standard 1 (CPS1), calculated in accordance
with Attachment 1, is greater than or equal to 100 percent for the applicable Interconnection in
which it operates for each preceding 12 consecutive calendar month period, evaluated monthly.
[Violation Risk Factor: Medium] [Time Horizon: Real-time Operations]
BAL-001-2: Real Power Balancing Control Performance R2 - (correct answer)R2. Each Balancing
Authority shall operate such that its clock-minute average of Reporting ACE does not exceed its
clock-minute Balancing Authority ACE Limit (BAAL) for more than 30 consecutive clock-minutes,
calculated in accordance with Attachment 2, for the applicable Interconnection in which the
Balancing Authority operates.[Violation Risk Factor: Medium] [Time Horizon: Real-time Operations]
BAL-001-TRE-1: Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region - (correct answer)To maintain
Interconnection steady-state frequency within defined limits.
Contingency Reserve Restoration Period - (correct answer)A period not exceeding 90 minutes
following the end of the Contingency Event Recovery Period.
BAL-001-TRE-1: R1 Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region - (correct answer)R2. The BA
shall calculate the Primary Frequency Response of each generating unit/generating facility in
accordance with this standard and the Primary Frequency Response Reference Document.1 This
calculation shall provide a 12-month rolling average of initial and sustained Primary Frequency
Response performance. This calculation shall be completed each month for the preceding 12
calendar months. 2.1. The performance of a combined cycle facility will be determined using an
expected performance droop of 5.78%. 2.2. The calculation results shall be submitted to the
Compliance Enforcement Authority and made available to the GO by the end of the month in which
they were completed. 2.3. If a generating unit/generating facility has not participated in a minimum
of (8) eight FMEs in a 12-month period, its performance shall be based on a rolling eight FME
,NERC Standards with complete solutions 2023
average response. [Violation Risk Factor = Lower] [Time Horizon = Operations Assessment] M2. The
BA shall have evidence it calculated and reported the rolling average initial and sustained Primary
Frequency Response performance of each generating unit/generating facility monthly as required in
Requirement R2.
BAL-001-TRE-1: R3 Primary Frequency Response in the ERCOT Region - (correct answer)R3. The BA
shall determine the Interconnection minimum Frequency Response (IMFR) in December of each year
for the following year, and make the IMFR, the methodology for calculation and the criteria for
determination of the IMFR publicly available.
BAL-002-3: Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)To ensure the Balancing Authority or Reserve Sharing Group
balances resources and demand and returns the Balancing Authority's or Reserve Sharing Group's
Area Control Error to defined values (subject to applicable limits) following a Reportable Balancing
Contingency Event.
BAL-002-3: R1 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)R1. The Responsible Entity experiencing a Reportable Balancing
Contingency Event shall: [Violation Risk Factor: High] [Time Horizon: Real-time Operations] 1.1.
within the Contingency Event Recovery Period, demonstrate recovery by returning its Reporting ACE
to at least the recovery value of: zero (if its Pre-Reporting Contingency Event ACE Value was positive
or equal to zero); however, any Balancing Contingency Event that occurs during the Contingency
Event Recovery Period shall reduce the required recovery: (i) beginning at the time of, and (ii) by the
magnitude of, such individual Balancing Contingency Event, or, its Pre-Reporting Contingency Event
ACE Value (if its Pre-Reporting Contingency Event ACE Value was negative); however, any Balancing
Contingency Event that occurs during the Contingency Event Recovery Period shall reduce the
required recovery: (i) beginning at the time of, and (ii) by the magnitude of, such individual Balancing
Contingency Event. 1.2. document all Reportable Balancing Contingency Events using CR Form 1.
BAL-002-3 - Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event Page 2 of 7 1.3. deploy Contingency Reserve, within system constraints, to
respond to all Reportable Balancing Contingency Events, however, it is not subject to compliance
with Requirement R1 part 1.1 if the Responsible Entity: 1.3.1 is (i) a Balancing Authority or (ii) a
Reserve Sharing Group with at least one member that: is experiencing a Reliability Coordinator
declared Energy Emergency Alert Level, and is utilizing its Contingency Reserve to mitigate an
operating emergency in accordance with its emergency Operating Plan, and has depleted its
Contingency Reserve to a level below its Most Severe Single Contingency, and has, during
communications with its Reliability Coordinator in accordance with the Energy Emergency Alert
procedures, (i) notified the Reliability Coordinator of the conditions described in the preceding two
bullet points preventing the Responsible Entity from complying with Requirement R1 part 1.1, and
(ii) provided the Reliability Coordinator with an ACE recovery plan, including target recovery time or,
1.3.2 the Responsible Entity experiences: multiple Contingencies where the combined MW loss
exceeds its Most Severe Single Contingency and that are defined as a single Balancing Contingency
Event, or multiple Balancing Contingency Events within the sum of the time periods defined by the
Contingency Event Recovery Period and Contingency Reserve Restoration Period whose combined
magnitude exceeds the Responsible Entity's Most Severe Single Contingency.
BAL-002-3: R2 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)R2. Each Responsible Entity shall develop, review and maintain
annually, and implement an Operating Process as part of its Operating Plan to determine its Most
, NERC Standards with complete solutions 2023
Severe Single Contingency and make preparations to have Contingency Reserve equal to, or greater
than the Responsible Entity's Most Severe Single Contingency available for maintaining system
reliability. [Violation Risk Factor: High] [Time Horizon: Operations Planning]
BAL-002-3: R3 Disturbance Control Standard - Contingency Reserve for Recovery from a Balancing
Contingency Event - (correct answer)R3. Each Responsible Entity, following a Reportable Balancing
Contingency Event, shall restore its Contingency Reserve to at least its Most Severe Single
Contingency, before the end of the Contingency Reserve Restoration Period, but any Balancing
Contingency Event that occurs before the end of a Contingency Reserve Restoration Period resets
the beginning of the Contingency Event Recovery Period. [Violation Risk Factor: Medium] [Time
Horizon: Real-time Operations]
BAL-002-WECC-2a: Contingency Reserve - (correct answer)To specify the quantity and types of
Contingency Reserve required to ensure reliability under normal and abnormal conditions.
BAL-003-1.1: Frequency Response and Frequency Bias Setting - (correct answer)To require sufficient
Frequency Response from the Balancing Authority (BA) to maintain Interconnection Frequency
within predefined bounds by arresting frequency deviations and supporting frequency until the
frequency is restored to its scheduled value. To provide consistent methods for measuring
Frequency Response and determining the Frequency Bias Setting.
BAL-004-WECC-3: Automatic Time Error Correction - (correct answer)To maintain Interconnection
frequency and to ensure that Time Error Corrections and Primary Inadvertent Interchange (PII)
payback are effectively conducted in a manner that does not adversely affect the reliability of the
Interconnection.
BAL-005-1: Balancing Authority Control - (correct answer)This standard establishes requirements for
acquiring data necessary to calculate Reporting Area Control Error (Reporting ACE). The standard
also specifies a minimum periodicity, accuracy, and availability requirement for acquisition of the
data and for providing the information to the System Operator.
"BAL-502-RF-03: Planning Resource Adequacy Analysis - (correct answer)Assessment and
Documentation ,To establish common criteria, based on "one day in ten year" loss of Load
expectation principles, for the analysis, assessment and documentation of Resource Adequacy for
Load in the ReliabilityFirst Corporation (RF) region"
CIP-002-5.1a: Cyber Security - BES Cyber System Categorization - (correct answer)To identify and
categorize BES Cyber Systems and their associated BES Cyber Assets for the application of cyber
security requirements commensurate with the adverse impact that loss, compromise, or misuse of
those BES Cyber Systems could have on the reliable operation of the BES. Identification and
categorization of BES Cyber Systems support appropriate protection against compromises that could
lead to misoperation or instability in the BES.
CIP-003-7: Cyber Security — Security Management Controls - (correct answer)To specify consistent
and sustainable security management controls that establish responsibility and accountability to
protect BES Cyber Systems against compromise that could lead to misoperation or instability in the
Bulk Electric System (BES).
CIP-004-6: Cyber Security — Personnel & Training - (correct answer)To minimize the risk against
compromise that could lead to misoperation or instability in the Bulk Electric System (BES) from
individuals accessing BES Cyber Systems by requiring an appropriate level of personnel risk
assessment, training, and security awareness in support of protecting BES Cyber Systems.
