Marine ecology – AEW10303_2023_1
Contents
Lecture 2: Physical foundations of marine ecology (oceanography)......................................................4
Tides...................................................................................................................................................4
Zonation.........................................................................................................................................4
Explaining tides (box 5.2)................................................................................................................4
Type of tides...................................................................................................................................4
Waves.................................................................................................................................................5
Tsunami..........................................................................................................................................5
Upwelling............................................................................................................................................5
Coriolis effect......................................................................................................................................5
Ekman spiral...................................................................................................................................5
Lecture 3: physical foundations of marine ecology................................................................................6
Sediment............................................................................................................................................6
Hjulstroms diagram........................................................................................................................6
Coastal dunes.....................................................................................................................................6
Lecture 4: Estuaries and lagoons............................................................................................................7
Estuary................................................................................................................................................7
Classification...................................................................................................................................7
Drowned river valleys (Netherlands)..............................................................................................7
Estuarine organisms...........................................................................................................................8
Salt marshes.......................................................................................................................................8
Lecture 5: primary productivity..............................................................................................................9
Photosynthesis...................................................................................................................................9
Biological pump..................................................................................................................................9
Factors controlling pp.........................................................................................................................9
Primary factors...............................................................................................................................9
Secondary factors.........................................................................................................................10
Patterns and measurements.............................................................................................................10
Seasonality....................................................................................................................................10
Lecture 6: Secondary production..........................................................................................................11
Production to biomass ratio.............................................................................................................11
Measurement of secondary production.......................................................................................11
Human impact..................................................................................................................................11
Fisheries........................................................................................................................................11
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, Eutrophication..............................................................................................................................11
Climate change.............................................................................................................................11
Drivers of secondary productivity.....................................................................................................11
Lecture 7: the power of plants.............................................................................................................12
Ecosystem engineers........................................................................................................................12
Bio geomorphic landscapes..............................................................................................................12
Succession phases........................................................................................................................12
Feedback driven ecosystems........................................................................................................12
Clonal expansion...............................................................................................................................12
Lecture 8: Ecological principles.............................................................................................................13
Facilitation........................................................................................................................................13
Invasive species................................................................................................................................13
Species interactions......................................................................................................................13
Lecture 9: Deep sea..............................................................................................................................14
Ecosystems.......................................................................................................................................14
Abyssal plains...............................................................................................................................14
Hydrothermal vents (in mid-ocean ridges)...................................................................................14
Mining..............................................................................................................................................14
Lecture 10: Polar ecosystems...............................................................................................................15
Characteristics..................................................................................................................................15
Differences.......................................................................................................................................15
Habitats............................................................................................................................................16
Food webs........................................................................................................................................16
Artic..............................................................................................................................................16
Antarctic.......................................................................................................................................16
Adaptions.........................................................................................................................................16
Climate change.................................................................................................................................16
Lecture 12: Seagrass.............................................................................................................................17
Factors driving productivity..............................................................................................................17
Services and functions......................................................................................................................17
Lecture 13: Mangroves.........................................................................................................................18
Adaptations......................................................................................................................................18
Clear zonation...................................................................................................................................18
Function............................................................................................................................................18
Threats..............................................................................................................................................18
Restoration fails................................................................................................................................19
2
, Lecture 14/15: Coral ecosystems..........................................................................................................20
Growth and reproduction.................................................................................................................20
Reproduction................................................................................................................................20
Formation.....................................................................................................................................20
Growth..........................................................................................................................................20
Inhabitants........................................................................................................................................20
Lecture 16: Anthropogenic influences..................................................................................................22
Exposure assessment........................................................................................................................22
Effect assessment.............................................................................................................................22
Lecture 17: Historic contents................................................................................................................23
Reconstruction of climate.................................................................................................................23
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Contents
Lecture 2: Physical foundations of marine ecology (oceanography)......................................................4
Tides...................................................................................................................................................4
Zonation.........................................................................................................................................4
Explaining tides (box 5.2)................................................................................................................4
Type of tides...................................................................................................................................4
Waves.................................................................................................................................................5
Tsunami..........................................................................................................................................5
Upwelling............................................................................................................................................5
Coriolis effect......................................................................................................................................5
Ekman spiral...................................................................................................................................5
Lecture 3: physical foundations of marine ecology................................................................................6
Sediment............................................................................................................................................6
Hjulstroms diagram........................................................................................................................6
Coastal dunes.....................................................................................................................................6
Lecture 4: Estuaries and lagoons............................................................................................................7
Estuary................................................................................................................................................7
Classification...................................................................................................................................7
Drowned river valleys (Netherlands)..............................................................................................7
Estuarine organisms...........................................................................................................................8
Salt marshes.......................................................................................................................................8
Lecture 5: primary productivity..............................................................................................................9
Photosynthesis...................................................................................................................................9
Biological pump..................................................................................................................................9
Factors controlling pp.........................................................................................................................9
Primary factors...............................................................................................................................9
Secondary factors.........................................................................................................................10
Patterns and measurements.............................................................................................................10
Seasonality....................................................................................................................................10
Lecture 6: Secondary production..........................................................................................................11
Production to biomass ratio.............................................................................................................11
Measurement of secondary production.......................................................................................11
Human impact..................................................................................................................................11
Fisheries........................................................................................................................................11
1
, Eutrophication..............................................................................................................................11
Climate change.............................................................................................................................11
Drivers of secondary productivity.....................................................................................................11
Lecture 7: the power of plants.............................................................................................................12
Ecosystem engineers........................................................................................................................12
Bio geomorphic landscapes..............................................................................................................12
Succession phases........................................................................................................................12
Feedback driven ecosystems........................................................................................................12
Clonal expansion...............................................................................................................................12
Lecture 8: Ecological principles.............................................................................................................13
Facilitation........................................................................................................................................13
Invasive species................................................................................................................................13
Species interactions......................................................................................................................13
Lecture 9: Deep sea..............................................................................................................................14
Ecosystems.......................................................................................................................................14
Abyssal plains...............................................................................................................................14
Hydrothermal vents (in mid-ocean ridges)...................................................................................14
Mining..............................................................................................................................................14
Lecture 10: Polar ecosystems...............................................................................................................15
Characteristics..................................................................................................................................15
Differences.......................................................................................................................................15
Habitats............................................................................................................................................16
Food webs........................................................................................................................................16
Artic..............................................................................................................................................16
Antarctic.......................................................................................................................................16
Adaptions.........................................................................................................................................16
Climate change.................................................................................................................................16
Lecture 12: Seagrass.............................................................................................................................17
Factors driving productivity..............................................................................................................17
Services and functions......................................................................................................................17
Lecture 13: Mangroves.........................................................................................................................18
Adaptations......................................................................................................................................18
Clear zonation...................................................................................................................................18
Function............................................................................................................................................18
Threats..............................................................................................................................................18
Restoration fails................................................................................................................................19
2
, Lecture 14/15: Coral ecosystems..........................................................................................................20
Growth and reproduction.................................................................................................................20
Reproduction................................................................................................................................20
Formation.....................................................................................................................................20
Growth..........................................................................................................................................20
Inhabitants........................................................................................................................................20
Lecture 16: Anthropogenic influences..................................................................................................22
Exposure assessment........................................................................................................................22
Effect assessment.............................................................................................................................22
Lecture 17: Historic contents................................................................................................................23
Reconstruction of climate.................................................................................................................23
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