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Chapter 1 Introducing the World of Psychology
Test Bank Psychology in Your Life
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychology?
a.
the study of the brain and its inner function
b.
the analysis of the mind and its unconscious thoughts
c.
the study of mental activity and behavior based on brain processes
d.
the study of thoughts, social interactions, and emotions
ANS: C
2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Because of this, Allanah will most likely study
a.
the structure and function of the brain.
b.
mental disorders and their treatment.
c.
feelings, memory, and other inner states.
d.
mental activity, behavior, and the brain.
ANS: D
3. Barry states that psychology is the study of mental activity. Candace remarks that psychology
is the science of behavior. Which is the correct evaluation of these two statements?
a.
Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is incorrect.
b.
Neither of the statements are correct.
c.
Taken together, the statements are correct.
d.
Barry’s definition is incorrect; Candace’s definition is correct.
ANS: C
4. According to the textbook, “friendly skepticism” is an important element in a type
of reasoning called
a.
functionalism.
b.
introspection.
c.
structuralism.
d.
critical thinking.
ANS: D
5. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that
a.
systematically evaluates information.
b.
criticizes others’ opinions.
c.
is open-minded and creative.
d.
uses inferences but does not solve problems.
ANS: A
6. “Friendly skepticism” means
a.
finding flaws in an argument or claim.
b.
being open to new ideas, while also being careful before accepting them.
c.
asking a scientist to make her findings public so that they can be better evaluated.
d.
accepting all claims, as long as they are based on the scientific method.
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ANS: B
7. Which of the following is an example of critical thinking?
a.
believing that sugar causes headaches because your head hurts after you eat a candy
bar
b.
concluding that eating spinach leads to a longer life after seeing an ad for spinach
on television
c.
using a personal example to explain the importance of time management
d.
concluding that exercise is beneficial after evaluating the evidence of a
research study
ANS: D
8. Talisa has to write a paper about critical thinking. One of her goals is to explain how critical
thinking differs from everyday thinking. If Talisa is correct in her analysis, which of the
following sentences will she write? “The difference between using critical thinking and
everyday explanations about psychological phenomena is that
a.
critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.”
b.
everyday explanations rely on common sense, reason, and logic for
making conclusions.”
c.
critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for
making conclusions.”
d.
everyday explanations rely on personal examples for making conclusions.”
ANS: A
9. You are confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing this
bumper sticker on his car:
a.
“Show me the evidence!”
b.
“The only truth is no truth”
c.
“Trust your gut!”
d.
“What is the meaning of life?”
ANS: A
10. You are discussing your psychology class with your aunt Annalise. She asks you
“Can psychology really help people study?” You correctly answer,
a.
“Not really; psychologists generally agree that the field of education is better
suited to provide people with techniques for studying.”
b.
“Yes; psychological studies have shown that cramming before an exam can
improve memory.”
c.
“Yes; psychology provides us with techniques for improving memory and
understanding.”
d.
“It depends; psychology can enhance students’ learning, but most people will
have difficulty using psychology to help them study.”
ANS: C
11. Which of the following statements best describes psychology?
a.
Much of psychology is just common sense.
b.
Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life.
c.
Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life.
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d.
Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life.
ANS: C
12. Jeremy is studying for his final exam. Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good
tip about the best way to study. She correctly says,
a.
“Be sure to cram your studying during the night before the final exam.”
b.
“As you study, connect the information to something personal.”
c.
“Memorize bold terms by writing and rewriting the definitions.”
d.
“Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress
improves learning.”
ANS: B
13. Dualism is the classic idea in psychology that
a.
the mind and the brain are separate entities.
b.
the mind and the brain are the same entity.
c.
the mind and the brain are opposing forces.
d.
there is no mind, just the brain.
ANS: A
14. The philosopher who promoted dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem was
a.
William James.
b.
Charles Darwin.
c.
René Descartes.
d.
Sigmund Freud.
ANS: C
15. The belief that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes
a.
dualism.
b.
structuralism.
c.
the nature/nurture debate.
d.
cognitive psychology.
ANS: A
16. Freddy and MaryAnne are having a disagreement about the nature/nurture debate. Freddy
correctly says, “Actually, the ‘nature’ portion of the debate refers to how a person thinks
and acts and is a result of
a.
early education.”
b.
inborn influences.”
c.
prenatal experiences.”
d.
cultural norms.”
ANS: B
17. In the nature/nurture debate, the term nature refers to the question of how factors
affect the mind, brain, and behavior.
a.
biological
b.
environmental
c.
either biological or environmental
d.
conscious or unconscious
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
ANS: C
18. With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychologists now believe that is/are
important in understanding the mind, brain, and behavior.
a.
nature
b.
nurture
c.
both nature and nurture
d.
neither nature nor nurture
ANS: C
19. An early school of psychology used introspection to study the basic elements of
mental experiences. This school of psychology was called
a.
functionalism.
b.
behaviorism.
c.
cognitivism.
d.
structuralism.
ANS: D
20. Structuralism is a school of psychology introduced by
a.
Edward Titchener.
b.
William James.
c.
Charles Darwin.
d.
Sigmund Freud.
ANS: A
21. The psychologist most closely associated with the school of functionalism is
a.
Sigmund Freud.
b.
Wilhelm Wundt.
c.
Edward Titchener.
d.
William James.
ANS: D
22. Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with
a.
the structures of the mind.
b.
the adaptive purposes of the mind and behavior.
c.
how unconscious conflicts can lead to mental disorders.
d.
how the presence of others influences behavior.
ANS: B
23. Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought
called
a.
structuralism.
b.
Gestalt theory.
c.
functionalism.
d.
psychoanalytic theory.
ANS: C
24. According to the concept of “survival of the fittest,”
a.
random mutations are always adaptive.
l
Chapter 1 Introducing the World of Psychology
Test Bank Psychology in Your Life
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is the best definition of psychology?
a.
the study of the brain and its inner function
b.
the analysis of the mind and its unconscious thoughts
c.
the study of mental activity and behavior based on brain processes
d.
the study of thoughts, social interactions, and emotions
ANS: C
2. Allanah has declared psychology as her major. Because of this, Allanah will most likely study
a.
the structure and function of the brain.
b.
mental disorders and their treatment.
c.
feelings, memory, and other inner states.
d.
mental activity, behavior, and the brain.
ANS: D
3. Barry states that psychology is the study of mental activity. Candace remarks that psychology
is the science of behavior. Which is the correct evaluation of these two statements?
a.
Barry’s definition is correct; Candace’s definition is incorrect.
b.
Neither of the statements are correct.
c.
Taken together, the statements are correct.
d.
Barry’s definition is incorrect; Candace’s definition is correct.
ANS: C
4. According to the textbook, “friendly skepticism” is an important element in a type
of reasoning called
a.
functionalism.
b.
introspection.
c.
structuralism.
d.
critical thinking.
ANS: D
5. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that
a.
systematically evaluates information.
b.
criticizes others’ opinions.
c.
is open-minded and creative.
d.
uses inferences but does not solve problems.
ANS: A
6. “Friendly skepticism” means
a.
finding flaws in an argument or claim.
b.
being open to new ideas, while also being careful before accepting them.
c.
asking a scientist to make her findings public so that they can be better evaluated.
d.
accepting all claims, as long as they are based on the scientific method.
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
ANS: B
7. Which of the following is an example of critical thinking?
a.
believing that sugar causes headaches because your head hurts after you eat a candy
bar
b.
concluding that eating spinach leads to a longer life after seeing an ad for spinach
on television
c.
using a personal example to explain the importance of time management
d.
concluding that exercise is beneficial after evaluating the evidence of a
research study
ANS: D
8. Talisa has to write a paper about critical thinking. One of her goals is to explain how critical
thinking differs from everyday thinking. If Talisa is correct in her analysis, which of the
following sentences will she write? “The difference between using critical thinking and
everyday explanations about psychological phenomena is that
a.
critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions.”
b.
everyday explanations rely on common sense, reason, and logic for
making conclusions.”
c.
critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for
making conclusions.”
d.
everyday explanations rely on personal examples for making conclusions.”
ANS: A
9. You are confident that your new roommate is a critical thinker after noticing this
bumper sticker on his car:
a.
“Show me the evidence!”
b.
“The only truth is no truth”
c.
“Trust your gut!”
d.
“What is the meaning of life?”
ANS: A
10. You are discussing your psychology class with your aunt Annalise. She asks you
“Can psychology really help people study?” You correctly answer,
a.
“Not really; psychologists generally agree that the field of education is better
suited to provide people with techniques for studying.”
b.
“Yes; psychological studies have shown that cramming before an exam can
improve memory.”
c.
“Yes; psychology provides us with techniques for improving memory and
understanding.”
d.
“It depends; psychology can enhance students’ learning, but most people will
have difficulty using psychology to help them study.”
ANS: C
11. Which of the following statements best describes psychology?
a.
Much of psychology is just common sense.
b.
Much of psychology is about applying common sense to everyday life.
c.
Psychological principles are highly applicable to everyday life.
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
d.
Psychological principles are too scientific to apply to everyday life.
ANS: C
12. Jeremy is studying for his final exam. Lauren has taken psychology and gives him a good
tip about the best way to study. She correctly says,
a.
“Be sure to cram your studying during the night before the final exam.”
b.
“As you study, connect the information to something personal.”
c.
“Memorize bold terms by writing and rewriting the definitions.”
d.
“Study in the morning right before the exam deadline, because stress
improves learning.”
ANS: B
13. Dualism is the classic idea in psychology that
a.
the mind and the brain are separate entities.
b.
the mind and the brain are the same entity.
c.
the mind and the brain are opposing forces.
d.
there is no mind, just the brain.
ANS: A
14. The philosopher who promoted dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem was
a.
William James.
b.
Charles Darwin.
c.
René Descartes.
d.
Sigmund Freud.
ANS: C
15. The belief that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes
a.
dualism.
b.
structuralism.
c.
the nature/nurture debate.
d.
cognitive psychology.
ANS: A
16. Freddy and MaryAnne are having a disagreement about the nature/nurture debate. Freddy
correctly says, “Actually, the ‘nature’ portion of the debate refers to how a person thinks
and acts and is a result of
a.
early education.”
b.
inborn influences.”
c.
prenatal experiences.”
d.
cultural norms.”
ANS: B
17. In the nature/nurture debate, the term nature refers to the question of how factors
affect the mind, brain, and behavior.
a.
biological
b.
environmental
c.
either biological or environmental
d.
conscious or unconscious
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
ANS: C
18. With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychologists now believe that is/are
important in understanding the mind, brain, and behavior.
a.
nature
b.
nurture
c.
both nature and nurture
d.
neither nature nor nurture
ANS: C
19. An early school of psychology used introspection to study the basic elements of
mental experiences. This school of psychology was called
a.
functionalism.
b.
behaviorism.
c.
cognitivism.
d.
structuralism.
ANS: D
20. Structuralism is a school of psychology introduced by
a.
Edward Titchener.
b.
William James.
c.
Charles Darwin.
d.
Sigmund Freud.
ANS: A
21. The psychologist most closely associated with the school of functionalism is
a.
Sigmund Freud.
b.
Wilhelm Wundt.
c.
Edward Titchener.
d.
William James.
ANS: D
22. Functionalism is the school of thought concerned with
a.
the structures of the mind.
b.
the adaptive purposes of the mind and behavior.
c.
how unconscious conflicts can lead to mental disorders.
d.
how the presence of others influences behavior.
ANS: B
23. Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the school of thought
called
a.
structuralism.
b.
Gestalt theory.
c.
functionalism.
d.
psychoanalytic theory.
ANS: C
24. According to the concept of “survival of the fittest,”
a.
random mutations are always adaptive.
