Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.156.86] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
,Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.156.86] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
CARE NURSING
CERTIFICATION
PROGRESSIVE
, Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.156.86] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
Contents
Reviewers........................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors..................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
Preface...........................................................................................................................................................................................xv
Test-Taking Tips ...........................................................................................................................................................................xvi
PART I. CARDIOVASCULAR ..............................................................................................................................1
1. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology ......................................................................................................................3
2. Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders..............................................................................................17
3. The Normal ECG ..............................................................................................................................................................27
4. The 12-Lead ECG ............................................................................................................................................................33
5. Hemodynamic Monitoring..............................................................................................................................................47
6. Acute Coronary Syndrome (Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction)...............................................................57
7. Conduction Blocks ..........................................................................................................................................................69
8. Heart Failure: Congestive Heart Failure, Pulmonary Edema, and Hypertensive Crisis ........................................79
9. Cardiogenic Shock ..........................................................................................................................................................89
10. Hemorrhagic (Hypovolemic) Shock .............................................................................................................................93
11. Interpreting Dysrhythmias ..............................................................................................................................................99
12. Cardiomyopathies and Pericarditis..............................................................................................................................115
13. Treatment of Cardiac, Valvular, and Vascular Insufficiency, and Trauma .............................................................119
Cardiovascular Practice Exam ...........................................................................................................................131
PART II. PULMONARY .....................................................................................................................................139
14. Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology...........................................................................................................................141
15. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Disorders ...................................................................................................161
16. Alternative Methods of Ventilatory Support................................................................................................................171
17. Acute Respiratory Dysfunction.....................................................................................................................................181
18. Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Aspiration ..............................................................................................................193
19. Thoracic Trauma and Air-Leak Syndromes...............................................................................................................199
Pulmonary Practice Exam..................................................................................................................................211
vii
, viii CONTENTS
PART III. ENDOCRINE .....................................................................................................................................223
Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.156.86] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
20. Introduction to the Endocrine System.......................................................................................................................225
21. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland...............................................................................229
22. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands ................................................235
23. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Pancreas .......................................................................................245
24. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Adrenal Glands .............................................................................253
Endocrine Practice Exam ...................................................................................................................................263
PART IV. IMMUNOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY.......................................................................269
25. Physiology of the Immunologic and Hematologic Systems ...................................................................................271
26. Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic and Hematologic Problems..............................................................289
27. Hematologic and Immunologic Failure and Its Effects on Other Organ Systems..............................................297
28. Organ Transplantation ..................................................................................................................................................313
29. Life-Threatening Coagulopathies................................................................................................................................317
Immunology and Hematology Practice Exam ........................................................................................................323
PART V. NEUROLOGY ....................................................................................................................................329
30. Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System....................................................................................................331
31. Intracranial Pressure .....................................................................................................................................................353
32. Acute Head Injuries and Craniotomies ......................................................................................................................357
33. Stroke and Intracranial Aneurysms ............................................................................................................................365
34. The Vertebrae and Spinal Cord ...................................................................................................................................371
35. Encephalopathies and Coma ......................................................................................................................................381
36. Meningitis, Muscular Dystrophy, and Myasthenia Gravis.......................................................................................385
37. Seizures and Status Epilepticus ..................................................................................................................................391
Neurology Practice Exam ...................................................................................................................................399
PART VI. GASTROENTEROLOGY ........................................................................................................409
38. Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System ........................................................................................411
39. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Esophageal Varices .........................................................................................433
40. Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hepatic Failure, and Acute Pancreatitis ..................................................................................441
41. Intestinal Infarction, Obstruction, Perforation, and Trauma....................................................................................455
42. Management of the Patient with a Gastrointestinal Disturbance .........................................................................467
Gastroenterology Practice Exam ..........................................................................................................................473
PART VII. RENAL ..................................................................................................................................................483
43. Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System ........................................................................................................485
44. Renal Regulation of Electrolytes.................................................................................................................................499
,Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.156.86] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
CARE NURSING
CERTIFICATION
PROGRESSIVE
, Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.156.86] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
Contents
Reviewers........................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors..................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
Preface...........................................................................................................................................................................................xv
Test-Taking Tips ...........................................................................................................................................................................xvi
PART I. CARDIOVASCULAR ..............................................................................................................................1
1. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology ......................................................................................................................3
2. Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders..............................................................................................17
3. The Normal ECG ..............................................................................................................................................................27
4. The 12-Lead ECG ............................................................................................................................................................33
5. Hemodynamic Monitoring..............................................................................................................................................47
6. Acute Coronary Syndrome (Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction)...............................................................57
7. Conduction Blocks ..........................................................................................................................................................69
8. Heart Failure: Congestive Heart Failure, Pulmonary Edema, and Hypertensive Crisis ........................................79
9. Cardiogenic Shock ..........................................................................................................................................................89
10. Hemorrhagic (Hypovolemic) Shock .............................................................................................................................93
11. Interpreting Dysrhythmias ..............................................................................................................................................99
12. Cardiomyopathies and Pericarditis..............................................................................................................................115
13. Treatment of Cardiac, Valvular, and Vascular Insufficiency, and Trauma .............................................................119
Cardiovascular Practice Exam ...........................................................................................................................131
PART II. PULMONARY .....................................................................................................................................139
14. Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology...........................................................................................................................141
15. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Disorders ...................................................................................................161
16. Alternative Methods of Ventilatory Support................................................................................................................171
17. Acute Respiratory Dysfunction.....................................................................................................................................181
18. Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Aspiration ..............................................................................................................193
19. Thoracic Trauma and Air-Leak Syndromes...............................................................................................................199
Pulmonary Practice Exam..................................................................................................................................211
vii
, viii CONTENTS
PART III. ENDOCRINE .....................................................................................................................................223
Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.156.86] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
20. Introduction to the Endocrine System.......................................................................................................................225
21. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland...............................................................................229
22. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands ................................................235
23. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Pancreas .......................................................................................245
24. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Adrenal Glands .............................................................................253
Endocrine Practice Exam ...................................................................................................................................263
PART IV. IMMUNOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY.......................................................................269
25. Physiology of the Immunologic and Hematologic Systems ...................................................................................271
26. Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic and Hematologic Problems..............................................................289
27. Hematologic and Immunologic Failure and Its Effects on Other Organ Systems..............................................297
28. Organ Transplantation ..................................................................................................................................................313
29. Life-Threatening Coagulopathies................................................................................................................................317
Immunology and Hematology Practice Exam ........................................................................................................323
PART V. NEUROLOGY ....................................................................................................................................329
30. Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System....................................................................................................331
31. Intracranial Pressure .....................................................................................................................................................353
32. Acute Head Injuries and Craniotomies ......................................................................................................................357
33. Stroke and Intracranial Aneurysms ............................................................................................................................365
34. The Vertebrae and Spinal Cord ...................................................................................................................................371
35. Encephalopathies and Coma ......................................................................................................................................381
36. Meningitis, Muscular Dystrophy, and Myasthenia Gravis.......................................................................................385
37. Seizures and Status Epilepticus ..................................................................................................................................391
Neurology Practice Exam ...................................................................................................................................399
PART VI. GASTROENTEROLOGY ........................................................................................................409
38. Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System ........................................................................................411
39. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Esophageal Varices .........................................................................................433
40. Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Hepatic Failure, and Acute Pancreatitis ..................................................................................441
41. Intestinal Infarction, Obstruction, Perforation, and Trauma....................................................................................455
42. Management of the Patient with a Gastrointestinal Disturbance .........................................................................467
Gastroenterology Practice Exam ..........................................................................................................................473
PART VII. RENAL ..................................................................................................................................................483
43. Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System ........................................................................................................485
44. Renal Regulation of Electrolytes.................................................................................................................................499
