PRN 1178 CCC2 Exam 2
1.What is Acid-Base balance?
The maintenance of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood and tissue fluids so that body can function properly. Necessary for homeostasis.
2.Normal pH range? What is considered Acidic? What is considered alkalotic?
7.35-7.45
(Below 7.35 = Acidity)
(Above 7.45= Alkaline)
3.What body systems regulate acid-base balance?
Buffers, Kidneys, and Lungs
4.Respiratory Acidosis Common Causes?
Acute Airway Obstruction, COPD, Asthma, Pulmonary Edema, Opiate Overdose, Pneumonia, Atelectasis
5.How might a patient present with respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation/hypoxia, Rapid Shallow Respirations, Decreased BP with vasodilation, Dyspnea, Headache, Hyperkalemia, Dysrhythmias, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation,
Muscle Weakness, Hyperreflexia,
6.Prevention Strategies Acid-Base Imbalances?
Healthy diet, exercise, limit alcohol consumption, Drink 6-8 cups of water per day, maintain healthy weight, refrain from smoking, manage stress
7.Common Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
Hyperventilation (anxiety, fear), Mechanical Ventilation, High Fever/Sepsis, Prolonged Suctioning, Pain, Alcohol Withdrawal. 8.Common Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
Diarrhea, Renal Failure, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperkalemia, Alcoholism
9.Compensating Mechanisms for Metabolic Acidosis
Kussmaul Respirations
10.Common Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
Vomiting, Excessive Gastric Suctioning, Hypokalemia, Excess use of Antacids, Steroid Therapy, Potent Diuretic Use
11.What are ABG's?
Arterial Blood Gases
pH 7.35-7.45 <7.34 acid >7.45 base
PaCO2 35-45mmHg >45 acid <35 base
HCO3 22-26mEq/L <22 acid >26 base
O2 sat
PaO2
12.pH normal range
7.35-7.45 Below 7.35 means
13.PaCO2 normal range. What do imbalances mean?
35-45 mm Hg. Below 35 means alkalotic, above 45 means acidosis.
1.What is Acid-Base balance?
The maintenance of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood and tissue fluids so that body can function properly. Necessary for homeostasis.
2.Normal pH range? What is considered Acidic? What is considered alkalotic?
7.35-7.45
(Below 7.35 = Acidity)
(Above 7.45= Alkaline)
3.What body systems regulate acid-base balance?
Buffers, Kidneys, and Lungs
4.Respiratory Acidosis Common Causes?
Acute Airway Obstruction, COPD, Asthma, Pulmonary Edema, Opiate Overdose, Pneumonia, Atelectasis
5.How might a patient present with respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation/hypoxia, Rapid Shallow Respirations, Decreased BP with vasodilation, Dyspnea, Headache, Hyperkalemia, Dysrhythmias, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Disorientation,
Muscle Weakness, Hyperreflexia,
6.Prevention Strategies Acid-Base Imbalances?
Healthy diet, exercise, limit alcohol consumption, Drink 6-8 cups of water per day, maintain healthy weight, refrain from smoking, manage stress
7.Common Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
Hyperventilation (anxiety, fear), Mechanical Ventilation, High Fever/Sepsis, Prolonged Suctioning, Pain, Alcohol Withdrawal. 8.Common Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
Diarrhea, Renal Failure, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Hyperkalemia, Alcoholism
9.Compensating Mechanisms for Metabolic Acidosis
Kussmaul Respirations
10.Common Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
Vomiting, Excessive Gastric Suctioning, Hypokalemia, Excess use of Antacids, Steroid Therapy, Potent Diuretic Use
11.What are ABG's?
Arterial Blood Gases
pH 7.35-7.45 <7.34 acid >7.45 base
PaCO2 35-45mmHg >45 acid <35 base
HCO3 22-26mEq/L <22 acid >26 base
O2 sat
PaO2
12.pH normal range
7.35-7.45 Below 7.35 means
13.PaCO2 normal range. What do imbalances mean?
35-45 mm Hg. Below 35 means alkalotic, above 45 means acidosis.
