Gerontology Chapter 19 (Ebersole and Hess) Questions anaAnswers

Hypertension - Answers-the most common chronic cardiovascular disease .Heart Disease is also called? - Answers-is also referred to as coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) .What is Heart Disease? - Answers-develops from the stiffening of the blood vessels and when cholesterol and other fats are deposited in the layers of the arteries .Heart Disease is affected by what? - Answers-exposure to smoke, pollutants, and has diabetes or a family history of diabetes .Angina - Answers-when a blockage is sudden and resolves on its own .Myocardial infarction - Answers-when a blockage is more permanent .Heart failure - Answers-disease of the heart muscle in which the muscle is damaged, malfunctions and can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body expectations .What are causes of Heart Failure? - Answers-hypertension, fever, hypoxia, anemia, metabolic disease, and infection .Common sign and symptoms of Heart Failure - Answers-fatigue, shortness of breath (dyspnea), exertion, inability to lie flat without getting short of breath, waking up at night gasping for air, weight gain, swelling of lower extremities .Atypical signs and symptoms of Heart Failure - Answers-confusion, delirious, begin falling, complain of insomnia, urinary frequency at night (nocturia), dizziness, fainting (syncope), has the "droops", or malaise, subtle decline in activity tolerance .Class I: Asymptomatic - Answers-cardiac disease without limits of physical activity .Class II: Mild Heart Failure - Answers-slight limits of physical activity, comfortable at rest, increase in activity may cause fatigue, palpatations, dyspnea, anginal pain .Class III: Moderate Heart Failure - Answers-marked limits of physical activity, comfortable at rest, ordinary walking or climbing stairs can quickly bring on symptoms of fatigue, palpatations, dyspnea, and anginal pain, substantial periods of bed rest needed .Class IV: Severe Heart Failure - Answers-almost permanently confined to bed, inability to carry out any physical activity without discomfort or severe symptoms, some symptoms occur at rest, chronic shortness of breath is common .Assessment of cardiovascular patients - Answers-vital signs, laboratory results, kidney function, assessing the cardiac and respiratory functions and conducting a mental status exam .Goals of therapy for someone who has cardiovascular disease - Answers-provide relief of symptoms, improve the quality of life, reduce mortality and morbidity, and slow or stop the progression of dysfunction through the use of aggressive drug therapy .Goals of managing hypertension - Answers-keep blood pressure less then 140/90 for otherwise healthy adults and less than 130/80 for persons with diabetes .Obstructive - Answers-preventing airflow out as a result of obstruction or narrowing of the respiratory structures .Restrictive - Answers-causing a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of limited expansion .Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Answers-catch all term used to encompass those conditions that affect airflow