FISDAP Airway, Ventilation, and Respiratory Questions with Correct Solutions

What are the adult ventilation rates and adequate volumes? - 12-20 breaths per minute, 120/80 BP, O2 Stat of greater than 95% What are the complications of hyperventilation? - Leads to carbon dioxide blow off, which causes vasoconstriction, and limits blood flow to the brain What is dyspnea? - difficulty breathing What is nocturnal dyspnea? - Difficulty breathing after sleep or while asleep Lung sounds usually heard usually during asthma, COPD, emphysema, and Chronic Bronchitis / high pitched - Wheezes Lung sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli / sounds like bubbles - Crackles Lung sound due to a obstruction / high pitched on inspiration - Stridor Lung sounds due to secretions in larger airways / Lower pitched - Rhonchi Condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs and/or other organs because of inadequate pumping of the heart - Congestive heart failure Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and respiratory illnesses are classified as - COPD / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Air from the chest cavity is prevented from escaping, usually during closed chest injuries and caused by rub on internal surfaces - Tension pneumothorax Tachycardia is? - High heart rate Bradycardia is? - Low heart rate What is hyperventilation? - Increased depth and rate of breathing What is hypoxic drive? - It is a backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall. *Secondary drive* What are the complications from tracheostomy tubes? - A buildup of mucus in the tube, dislodge-meant of tube, or infection around stoma What is the pathophysiology of the upper and lower airways? - Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs Where are beta 2 receptors located? - Lungs What do beta 2 receptors do? - Stimulate bronchioles to dilate Where are beta 1 receptors located? - heart