Volcanoes and Earthquakes (all possible short
questions that can be asked in an exam)
Explain a fault line
pressure from plate movement causes the rock to fracture (break/tear)
What's the focus?
the point on the fault line where an earthquake starts - the depth of the focus has a
direct impact to the damage it can cause
Why are shallow focus earthquakes extremely dangerous?
they're closely to the earth's surface - the energy released during an earthquake only
needs a short distance to reach the earth's surface -
What's the intermediate focus and where are they usually located at?
earthquakes that can happen between 11 - 300 km below the surface - they're located
within the earth's solid upper mantle
Where can you find deep focus earthquakes?
deep focus earthquakes are located between 300-700 km below the surface and mainly
occur at subduction zones
Explain Epicentre
the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus and it is where seismic waves
are the strongest - the further away the seismic waves are from the epicentre the
weaker it is and contains less energy causing a lower impact
What are aftershocks?
smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake - this is mainly due to rock
vibrations
What are seismic waves?
they're known as shockwaves or tremors - they're vibrations caused by an earthquake
that are sent out from the focus
Name the instrument used to measure the force of an earthquake
seismometer
Endogenic forces are forces that happen inside the earth. True or False?
True
A volcano with a dome is formed by lava with a high viscosity
True
Identify the scale that was used to record the strength of the earthquake and
name the device used to record its seismic waves
seismograph, moment magnitude scale
Briefly explain how liquefaction occurs
this happens when the earthquake causes the ground to shake and causes the soil to
saturate
Identify a scale that's used to measure the strength of an earthquake
richter scale
Briefly explain how earthquakes are created at passive plate boundary
as plates slide past each other, friction causes them to lock together - as energy is
being built up due to massive pressure - it finally releases triggering an earthquake -
questions that can be asked in an exam)
Explain a fault line
pressure from plate movement causes the rock to fracture (break/tear)
What's the focus?
the point on the fault line where an earthquake starts - the depth of the focus has a
direct impact to the damage it can cause
Why are shallow focus earthquakes extremely dangerous?
they're closely to the earth's surface - the energy released during an earthquake only
needs a short distance to reach the earth's surface -
What's the intermediate focus and where are they usually located at?
earthquakes that can happen between 11 - 300 km below the surface - they're located
within the earth's solid upper mantle
Where can you find deep focus earthquakes?
deep focus earthquakes are located between 300-700 km below the surface and mainly
occur at subduction zones
Explain Epicentre
the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus and it is where seismic waves
are the strongest - the further away the seismic waves are from the epicentre the
weaker it is and contains less energy causing a lower impact
What are aftershocks?
smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake - this is mainly due to rock
vibrations
What are seismic waves?
they're known as shockwaves or tremors - they're vibrations caused by an earthquake
that are sent out from the focus
Name the instrument used to measure the force of an earthquake
seismometer
Endogenic forces are forces that happen inside the earth. True or False?
True
A volcano with a dome is formed by lava with a high viscosity
True
Identify the scale that was used to record the strength of the earthquake and
name the device used to record its seismic waves
seismograph, moment magnitude scale
Briefly explain how liquefaction occurs
this happens when the earthquake causes the ground to shake and causes the soil to
saturate
Identify a scale that's used to measure the strength of an earthquake
richter scale
Briefly explain how earthquakes are created at passive plate boundary
as plates slide past each other, friction causes them to lock together - as energy is
being built up due to massive pressure - it finally releases triggering an earthquake -
