Thyroid disease is a medical disorder in which a person's thyroid does not produce enough hormones. The body utilizes energy too rapidly when the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone. This can lead to weight loss without effort and can make a person feel anxious. When the thyroid gland produces too much hormone, it is called hyperthyroidism (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2020). It raises oxygen consumption and metabolic heat generation, enhances protein catabolism, and has been shown to affect Beta-andergenic receptors in the heart. The diagnosis of an overactive thyroid and treatment of the underlying cause can alleviate symptoms and avoid hyperthyroidism-related problems. Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland fails to produce adequate hormones. There may be no symptoms at all in the early stages of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can lead to obesity, joint pain, infertility, and heart disease if left untreated. Hypothyroidism can be detected with thyroid function testing. After the doctor finds the correct dose for the patient, synthetic thyroid hormone therapy is typically straightforward, safe, and successful (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2020). Thyroid hormone production is reduced, protein synthesis is reduced, and nervous system functions are altered in hypothyroidism.
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