STS 402 Exam 2 Vocab Terms
David Galula
French captain who fought in Algeria from 1956 to 1958. He returned to Paris to analyze
the Algerian campaign and he produced a critique of the strategy followed in the war.
His work inspired the development of counter-insurgency doctrine in the US military.
Blind Terrorism
Tactic used by the FLN. It included indiscriminate attacks against French outposts,
which involved bombing, sabotage, and random assassination.
pangas
a heavy-bladed machete used in agricultural work. It was the weapon favored by people
who took the Mau Mau oath.
Habib Akdas
Also known as Abu Anas al Turki, the founder of al Qaeda in Turkey. Akdas left Turkey
to fight in Iraq after the American Invasion. He was killed in a US air strike in 2004.
Abdullah Ocalan
the leader of the PKK. Ocalan was captured in 1999 and sentenced to death, but his
sentence was commuted. He ordered the end of a suicide bombing campaign while in
Turkish custody and called for peace between Turkey and the Kurds in 2006.
Uighar nationalists
China's ethnic Turkmen. Some Uighar nationalists organized to receive an eighteenth-
century Islamic state in China's Xinjiang province. Using Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan as
a base, they operate in China.
Golden Temple
the most sacred shrine of Sikhism. Its official name is the Temple of God.
Salafism
tradition of orthodox Muslims who follow the Prophet and the early elders of the faith.
Militants are willing to use violence to enforce Islamic law and confront other faith
traditions.
Yusufiya
followers of the Nigerian Mohammed Yusuf. He ordered them to violently reject all ideas
not contained in a strict, intolerant interpretation of Islam.
Islamic Courts Union
a confederation of tribes and clans that sought to end violence and bring Islamic law to
Somalia. It was opposed by several neighboring countries and internal warlords but
brought order to Mogadishu in mid-2006. It retreated after the Ethiopian invasion of
Somalia and eventually dissolved.
Transitional Federal Government
a group established to govern Somalia in 2004 that nominally remained in power until
2012. It was backed by the United Nations, with American support, and the African
Union
African Union
an organization of 54 African states to promote peace, security, and economic
development. Combined AU military forces are sometimes deployed in troubled areas of
Africa and employed as peacekeepers.
Muslim Brotherhood
, An organization founded by Hassan al Banna in 1928 to recapture the spirit and
religious purity of the period of Mohammed and the four Rightly Guided caliphs. The
Brotherhood seeks to create a single Muslim nation through education and religious
reform. A militant wing founded by Sayyid Qutb sought the same objective through
violence. Hamas, a group that defines itself as the Palestinian branch of the Muslim
Brotherhood, has rejected the multinational approach in favor of creating a Muslim
Palestine.
Mohammed ibn Abdul Wahhab
Also known as Abdul Wahhab. A religious reformer who wanted to purge Islam of
anything beyond the traditions accepted by Mohammed and the four Rightly Guided
caliphs. He conducted campaigns against Sufis, Shi'ites, and Muslims who made
pilgrimages or who invoked the names of saints.
Sayyid Qutb
An Egyptian educator who called for the overthrow of non-Islamic governments and the
imposition of purified Islamic law based on the principles of previous puritanical
reformers. Qutb formed a militant wing of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Abu Mohammed al Maqdisi
A Palestinian scholar now living in Jordan. Maqdisi is one of the most influential Jihadi
Salafist scholars in the world today. Jailed and investigated many times, Maqdisi has
influenced many jihadists.
Abu Basir al Tartusi
A Syrian jihadist scholar who fled Syria and began preahing and writing from East
London in the 1980s. He has denounced many acts of terrorism, but supports Jihadi
Salafist ideology. Tartusi has been spotted with an armed group in Syria and supports
Europeans who fight the Syrian government.
Taqi al Din ibn Taymiyyah
AKA ibn Taymiyyah; a Muslim religious reformer in the time of the Crusdaes and a
massive Mongol invasion.
Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI)
The Pakistani domestic and foreign intelligence agency, created by the British in 1948.
Supporters claim that in centralizes Pakistan's intelligence. Critics maintain that it
operates like an independent state and supports terrorist groups.
9/11 Commission
The national bipartisan Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States,
created after 9/11/2001 to investigate the attacks.
Abdullah Azzam
The Palestinian leader of Hizb ul Tahrir and the spiritual mentor of bin Laden.
Sayyid Imam al Sharif
Also known as Dr. Fadl, one of Egypt's leading militants in the 1970s. While jailed, he
embraced Islam and renounced the violence of al Qaeda-style militancy. He is viewed
as a traitor by violent jihadists. He has provided much of the information we have about
religious militancy and he continues to publish works denouncing it. While maintaining
his anti-Western and antigovenment views, he sees jihad as a necessary part of Islam.
Al Qaeda's version, he claims, violates the morality of Islamic law.
Desert Shield
David Galula
French captain who fought in Algeria from 1956 to 1958. He returned to Paris to analyze
the Algerian campaign and he produced a critique of the strategy followed in the war.
His work inspired the development of counter-insurgency doctrine in the US military.
Blind Terrorism
Tactic used by the FLN. It included indiscriminate attacks against French outposts,
which involved bombing, sabotage, and random assassination.
pangas
a heavy-bladed machete used in agricultural work. It was the weapon favored by people
who took the Mau Mau oath.
Habib Akdas
Also known as Abu Anas al Turki, the founder of al Qaeda in Turkey. Akdas left Turkey
to fight in Iraq after the American Invasion. He was killed in a US air strike in 2004.
Abdullah Ocalan
the leader of the PKK. Ocalan was captured in 1999 and sentenced to death, but his
sentence was commuted. He ordered the end of a suicide bombing campaign while in
Turkish custody and called for peace between Turkey and the Kurds in 2006.
Uighar nationalists
China's ethnic Turkmen. Some Uighar nationalists organized to receive an eighteenth-
century Islamic state in China's Xinjiang province. Using Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan as
a base, they operate in China.
Golden Temple
the most sacred shrine of Sikhism. Its official name is the Temple of God.
Salafism
tradition of orthodox Muslims who follow the Prophet and the early elders of the faith.
Militants are willing to use violence to enforce Islamic law and confront other faith
traditions.
Yusufiya
followers of the Nigerian Mohammed Yusuf. He ordered them to violently reject all ideas
not contained in a strict, intolerant interpretation of Islam.
Islamic Courts Union
a confederation of tribes and clans that sought to end violence and bring Islamic law to
Somalia. It was opposed by several neighboring countries and internal warlords but
brought order to Mogadishu in mid-2006. It retreated after the Ethiopian invasion of
Somalia and eventually dissolved.
Transitional Federal Government
a group established to govern Somalia in 2004 that nominally remained in power until
2012. It was backed by the United Nations, with American support, and the African
Union
African Union
an organization of 54 African states to promote peace, security, and economic
development. Combined AU military forces are sometimes deployed in troubled areas of
Africa and employed as peacekeepers.
Muslim Brotherhood
, An organization founded by Hassan al Banna in 1928 to recapture the spirit and
religious purity of the period of Mohammed and the four Rightly Guided caliphs. The
Brotherhood seeks to create a single Muslim nation through education and religious
reform. A militant wing founded by Sayyid Qutb sought the same objective through
violence. Hamas, a group that defines itself as the Palestinian branch of the Muslim
Brotherhood, has rejected the multinational approach in favor of creating a Muslim
Palestine.
Mohammed ibn Abdul Wahhab
Also known as Abdul Wahhab. A religious reformer who wanted to purge Islam of
anything beyond the traditions accepted by Mohammed and the four Rightly Guided
caliphs. He conducted campaigns against Sufis, Shi'ites, and Muslims who made
pilgrimages or who invoked the names of saints.
Sayyid Qutb
An Egyptian educator who called for the overthrow of non-Islamic governments and the
imposition of purified Islamic law based on the principles of previous puritanical
reformers. Qutb formed a militant wing of the Muslim Brotherhood.
Abu Mohammed al Maqdisi
A Palestinian scholar now living in Jordan. Maqdisi is one of the most influential Jihadi
Salafist scholars in the world today. Jailed and investigated many times, Maqdisi has
influenced many jihadists.
Abu Basir al Tartusi
A Syrian jihadist scholar who fled Syria and began preahing and writing from East
London in the 1980s. He has denounced many acts of terrorism, but supports Jihadi
Salafist ideology. Tartusi has been spotted with an armed group in Syria and supports
Europeans who fight the Syrian government.
Taqi al Din ibn Taymiyyah
AKA ibn Taymiyyah; a Muslim religious reformer in the time of the Crusdaes and a
massive Mongol invasion.
Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI)
The Pakistani domestic and foreign intelligence agency, created by the British in 1948.
Supporters claim that in centralizes Pakistan's intelligence. Critics maintain that it
operates like an independent state and supports terrorist groups.
9/11 Commission
The national bipartisan Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States,
created after 9/11/2001 to investigate the attacks.
Abdullah Azzam
The Palestinian leader of Hizb ul Tahrir and the spiritual mentor of bin Laden.
Sayyid Imam al Sharif
Also known as Dr. Fadl, one of Egypt's leading militants in the 1970s. While jailed, he
embraced Islam and renounced the violence of al Qaeda-style militancy. He is viewed
as a traitor by violent jihadists. He has provided much of the information we have about
religious militancy and he continues to publish works denouncing it. While maintaining
his anti-Western and antigovenment views, he sees jihad as a necessary part of Islam.
Al Qaeda's version, he claims, violates the morality of Islamic law.
Desert Shield
