Hondros 212 Exam 3 Exam Rated 100% Correct!!

Health risk associated with obesity - Depression, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary disease, sleep apnea, asthma, pulmonary HTN, menstrual irregularities, infertility, gestational diabetes, huperlipidemia, sudden cardiac death, a fib, HTN, CAD, DVT, right sided HF, NASH, gallstones, GERD, kidney cancer, CKD, esophagus, pancreas, thyroid, colorectal and gallbladder cancer, breast and ovarian cancer Nutritional therapy for obesity - Restricting dietary intake so that it is below energy requirementsincludes all food groups Criteria guidelines for bariatric surgery - BMI of 40 or more or a BMI of 35 or more with other significant co-morbidities (HTN, T2DM, HF, sleep apnea) Disadvantages of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - Leak at site of anastomosis, anemia, calcium deficiency, dumping syndrome, irreversible Dumping syndrome - Gastric contents empty too rabidly into the small intestine, overwhelming its ability to digest nutrients. Symptoms include n/v, weakness, sweating, faintness and sometimes diarrhea. Pt is instructed to avoid sugary foods after surgery Anastomosis leak - tachycardia, fever, tachypnea, chest and abdominal pain Post operative care for bariatric surgery - assess for cardiopulmonary complications, thrombus formation, anastomosis leaks and electrolyte imbalances, maintain the head of the bed at a minimum of a 45 degree angle to reduce abdominal pressure and increase lung expansion, pts should not consume fluids with meals Metabolic syndrome definiton - is a group of metabolic risk factors that increase a person's change of developing CVD, stroke, diabetes. It is a cluster of heath problems, including obesity, HTN, abnormal lipid levels, and high blood glucoseThe main underlying risk factor for metabolic syndrome - Insulin resistance related to excess visceral fat Criteria for metabolic syndrome - Need any 3 of the 5- waist circumference- 40in in men and 35 in women, Triglycerides- 150 or on drug treatment for high triglycerides, HDL cholesterol- 40 in men 50 in women or drug treatment for high cholesterol, BP- 130 sys 85 diastolic or on drug treatment for HTN, fasting blood glucose 100 or on drug treatment for elevated blood glucose Signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome - Impaired fasting blood glucose, HTN, abnormal cholesterol levels and obesity counterregulatory hormones- increase blood glucose levels - glucagon, epinephrine, GH, cortisol C peptide in serum and urine - useful clinical indicator of pancreatic b cell function and insulin levels Signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes - polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss may occur, weakness and fatigue signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes - poor wound healing, recurrent infections, dry skin, 3 Ps, drowsiness, hunger Diagnosis of diabetes - A1C of 6.5 or higher, fasting plasma glucose level of 126 or greater, a 2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater during an OGTT using a glucose load of 75g, in a pt with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) or hyperglycemic crisis, a random blood glucose level of 200 or more