World History Absolutism Test 2023 Study Guide Complete

World History Absolutism Test 2023 Study Guide Complete absolutism a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) absolute monarch king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society divine right the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God czar a Russian emperor boyars landowning nobles of Russia Phillip II Spain-1527; Control of Spanish and Portugese Empire; Lots of soldiers; Huge amounts of gold and silver--personally take gold and silver from ships Louis XIV France; Increased taxes to increase wealth of France; tried to expand France's boundaries; Built palace and spent 2 billion dollars Ivan the Terrible Russian; Gave Russia code of laws; killed anyone he thought was a traitor; created own class; took land from unloyal and gave to loyal Peter the Great Russia-1696; Traveled to Western Europe undercover; brought back potatoes and westernized Russia; built St. Petersburg; abolished political powers with large army; brought church under his ctonrol; reduced power of landowners James II flaunted his Catholicism by appointing many Catholics to high office and was eventually overthrown during the Glorious Revolution War of Spanish Succession a conflict, lasting from , in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France Seven Years' War a conflict in Europe, North America and India lasting from in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, Russia and other countries English Civil War a conflict lasting from in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England's monarchy Glorious Revolution the bloodless overthrow of the English King James II and his replacement by William and Mary Constitutional Monarchy a monarchy in which the ruler's power is limited by law parliament a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation cabinet a group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions Habeas Corpus a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court of judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal English Bill of Rights no suspending of Parliament's laws; no t